Factores psicosociales asociados al bajo rendimiento académico de estudiantes del grado 7 de la institución educativa técnica ciudad Ibagué, comuna trece, 2012.

Álbum Fotográfico, asistencias, Encuestas, Cuadros Semánticos, Diarios de Campos, Instrumentos, RAI, Protocolos.Realizada la investigación acerca del Bajo Rendimiento Escolar en estudiantes del grado 7º de la Institución Educativa Técnica Ciudad Ibagué, comuna trece, reflejando los factores que inciden en el proceso de formación del educando como lo son: la familia, docentes, padres, factores económicos y compañeros, y este proyecto se abordar cuatro categorías que fueron: Familia, Docente Pares y Motivacional, estas categorías fueron soportadas bajo teóricos frente al tema de investigación. Aspectos que contribuyen de manera positiva o negativa el correcto desarrollo académico y personal del alumno, debido al ambiente en el que vive y se desenvuelve, considerando que el Sistema Educativo contribuye a no elevar el Rendimiento ya que la falta de interés en actualizar una equidad y calidad de la educación hace falta, esto trae como consecuencia una educación de cantidad y no de calidad reflejada en los docentes, esto afecta directamente al alumno, y contribuye a esta problemática la falta de interés de los padres de familia en velar por el buen rendimiento de los hijos, ya que dejan solo al docente y a la escuela la tarea de educar al estudiante, sin tomar conciencia del papel importante del que forman parte. Aplicando las técnicas como la entrevista abierta y semiestructura y estrategias como la observación, murales, juego de roles, metaplán, socio drama. Resultados arrojados en la investigación se determinó que la familia es el factor predominante asociado al bajo rendimiento académico de los estudiantes, Para la erradicación del Bajo Rendimiento es necesario el trabajo en equipo de toda la comunidad educativa, también la innovación constante del Sistema Educativo centrado en el contexto y realidad del niño.Once the investigation about the School Low Yield in students of the degree was accomplished 7 of the Technical Educational Institution Ibague City, commune thirteen, reflecting the factors that have an effect on the pupil's process of formation as they are it: The family, teachers, parents, cost-reducing and accompanying factors, and this project discussing four categories that were: Family, Docent Equal and Motivational, these categories were borne under theoreticians in front of the fact-finding theme. Aspects that contribute of positive or negative way the pupil's correct academic and personal development, due to the environment you live in and it becomes unwrapped in, considering that the Educational System contributes to not to raise the Performance right now than the lack of interest in updating an equity and educational quality is missed, this results in an education of quantity and no of quality reflected in the teachers, this affects the pupil directly, and contributes to this problems without interest of the family men in watching over the children's good performance, since they leave to the teacher And to the school the task of educating the student, without waking up to the important role they are a member of. Applying the techniques like the unstructured interview and semi-structure and strategies like the observation, murals, I play of roles, metaplán, partner drama. Proven to be thrown in investigation it was determined that the family is the prevailing factor once the academic low yield of the students, For the eradication of the Low Yield was associated to the whole the educational community's teamwork is necessary, also the constant invention of the Educational System once the context was centered in and reality of the little boy

Short and long term retention in antiretroviral care in health facilities in rural Malawi and Zimbabwe.

Despite the successful scale-up of ART services over the past years, long term retention in ART care remains a major challenge, especially in high HIV prevalence and resource-limited settings. This study analysed the short (<12 months) and long (>12 months) term retention on ART in two ART programmes in Malawi (Thyolo district) and Zimbabwe (Buhera district)

Predictors of linkage to care following community-based HIV counseling and testing in rural Kenya

Despite innovations in HIV counseling and testing (HCT), important gaps remain in understanding linkage to care. We followed a cohort diagnosed with HIV through a community-based HCT campaign that trained persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) as navigators. Individual, interpersonal, and institutional predictors of linkage were assessed using survival analysis of self-reported time to enrollment. Of 483 persons consenting to follow-up, 305 (63.2%) enrolled in HIV care within 3 months. Proportions linking to care were similar across sexes, barring a sub-sample of men aged 18–25 years who were highly unlikely to enroll. Men were more likely to enroll if they had disclosed to their spouse, and women if they had disclosed to family. Women who anticipated violence or relationship breakup were less likely to link to care. Enrolment rates were significantly higher among participants receiving a PLHA visit, suggesting that a navigator approach may improve linkage from community-based HCT campaigns.Vestergaard Frandse

Antibody Recognition of Cancer-Related Gangliosides and Their Mimics Investigated Using in silico Site Mapping

Modified gangliosides may be overexpressed in certain types of cancer, thus, they are considered a valuable target in cancer immunotherapy. Structural knowledge of their interaction with antibodies is currently limited, due to the large size and high flexibility of these ligands. In this study, we apply our previously developed site mapping technique to investigate the recognition of cancer-related gangliosides by anti-ganglioside antibodies. The results reveal a potential ganglioside-binding motif in the four antibodies studied, suggesting the possibility of structural convergence in the anti-ganglioside immune response. The structural basis of the recognition of ganglioside-mimetic peptides is also investigated using site mapping and compared to ganglioside recognition. The peptides are shown to act as structural mimics of gangliosides by interacting with many of the same binding site residues as the cognate carbohydrate epitopes. These studies provide important clues as to the structural basis of immunological mimicry of carbohydrates

Wide-Angle Seismic Imaging of Two Modes of Crustal Accretion in Mature Atlantic Ocean Crust

We present a high‐resolution 2‐D P‐wave velocity model from a 225‐km‐long active seismic profile, collected over ~60–75 Ma central Atlantic crust. The profile crosses five ridge segments separated by a transform and three nontransform offsets. All ridge discontinuities share similar primary characteristics, independent of the offset. We identify two types of crustal segment. The first displays a classic two‐layer velocity structure with a high gradient Layer 2 (~0.9 s$^{−1}$) above a lower gradient Layer 3 (0.2 s$^{−1}$). Here, PmP coincides with the 7.5 km s$^{−1}$ contour, and velocity increases to >7.8 km s$^{−1}$ within 1 km below. We interpret these segments as magmatically robust, with PmP representing a petrological boundary between crust and mantle. The second has a reduced contrast in velocity gradient between the upper and lower crust and PmP shallower than the 7.5 km s$^{−1}$ contour. We interpret these segments as tectonically dominated, with PmP representing a serpentinized (alteration) front. While velocity‐depth profiles fit within previous envelopes for slow‐spreading crust, our results suggest that such generalizations give a misleading impression of uniformity. We estimate that the two crustal styles are present in equal proportions on the floor of the Atlantic. Within two tectonically dominated segments, we make the first wide‐angle seismic identifications of buried oceanic core complexes in mature (>20 Ma) Atlantic Ocean crust. They have a ~20‐km‐wide “domal” morphology with shallow basement and increased upper crustal velocities. We interpret their midcrustal seismic velocity inversions as alteration and rock‐type assemblage contrasts across crustal‐scale detachment faults

In vivo functional neurochemistry of human cortical cholinergic function during visuospatial attention

Cortical acetylcholine is involved in key cognitive processes such as visuospatial attention. Dysfunction in the cholinergic system has been described in a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Levels of brain acetylcholine can be pharmacologically manipulated, but it is not possible to directly measure it in vivo in humans. However, key parts of its biochemical cascade in neural tissue, such as choline, can be measured using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). There is evidence that levels of choline may be an indirect but proportional measure of acetylcholine availability in brain tissue. In this study, we measured relative choline levels in the parietal cortex using functional (event-related) MRS (fMRS) during performance of a visuospatial attention task, with a modelling approach verified using simulated data. We describe a task-driven interaction effect on choline concentration, specifically driven by contralateral attention shifts. Our results suggest that choline MRS has the potential to serve as a proxy of brain acetylcholine function in humans

Neurofeedback Using Real-Time Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Enhances Motor Imagery Related Cortical Activation

Accumulating evidence indicates that motor imagery and motor execution share common neural networks. Accordingly, mental practices in the form of motor imagery have been implemented in rehabilitation regimes of stroke patients with favorable results. Because direct monitoring of motor imagery is difficult, feedback of cortical activities related to motor imagery (neurofeedback) could help to enhance efficacy of mental practice with motor imagery. To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a real-time neurofeedback system mediated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), two separate experiments were performed. Experiment 1 was used in five subjects to evaluate whether real-time cortical oxygenated hemoglobin signal feedback during a motor execution task correlated with reference hemoglobin signals computed off-line. Results demonstrated that the NIRS-mediated neurofeedback system reliably detected oxygenated hemoglobin signal changes in real-time. In Experiment 2, 21 subjects performed motor imagery of finger movements with feedback from relevant cortical signals and irrelevant sham signals. Real neurofeedback induced significantly greater activation of the contralateral premotor cortex and greater self-assessment scores for kinesthetic motor imagery compared with sham feedback. These findings suggested the feasibility and potential effectiveness of a NIRS-mediated real-time neurofeedback system on performance of kinesthetic motor imagery. However, these results warrant further clinical trials to determine whether this system could enhance the effects of mental practice in stroke patients