Trailer for a Motorcycle

Import 31/08/2009Bakalářská práce se zabývá konstrukčním návrhem přívěsného vozíku za motorku. V úvodu práce je přehled v současnosti vyráběných typů přívěsných vozíků, porovnání jejich parametrů a legislativa spojená s jejich provozem na pozemních komunikacích. Následuje vlastní návrh konstrukce rámu . Další část práce se zabývá rozborem působících sil na konstrukci rámu vozíku. Tato konstrukce je ověřena kontrolním výpočtem doplněnou o pevnostní analýzu rámu metodou konečných prvků. K bakalářské práci je také doložen sestavný výkres vozíku a dílenský výkres vybrané součásti.The bachelor thesis deals with an engineering design of a motorcycle cargo trailer. At the beginning there is a list of currently manufactured types of cargo trailers with technical data and the legislation about usage on the road network. Subsequently the engineering design of the trailer supporting frame follows. The next part deals with an analysis of the forces acting on the supporting frame. This design is verified by check calculation with strength analysis of the frame according to the finite element method. The design drawing and working drawing of the selected component are enclosed.Prezenční347 - Katedra částí a mechanismů strojůvýborn

Unconventional Design of a Motorcycle Fork Spring

Import 04/07/2011Diplomová práce se zabývá konstrukčním návrhem přední kyvné vidlice motocyklu. V úvodu práce je přehled v současnosti vyráběných typů uložení přední kola, porovnání jejich parametrů a legislativní zařazení motocyklu pro provoz na pozemních komunikacích. Následuje vlastní návrh konstrukce rámu vidlice. Další část práce se zabývá rozborem působících sil na konstrukci rámu motocyklu a tedy i vidlici. Navržená konstrukce vidlice je ověřena pevnostní analýzou metodou konečných prvků. Dále jsou provedeny pevnostní výpočty důležitých uzlů jakými jsou brzdová soustava a systém umožňující natáčení kola. K diplomové práci je také doložen sestavný výkres vidlice a dílenský výkres přední osy s rejdovým čepem.This diploma thesis deals with an engineering design of a motorcycle front swinging fork. At the beginning there is a list of currently manufactured types of front wheel mounting with the comparison of technical data and the legislation about usage on the road network. Subsequently the engineering design of the fork frame follows. The next part focuses on an analysis of the forces acting on the supporting frame of the motorcycle and on the fork. Next, strenght calculations of important systems such as brake system and wheel steering system are performed. The design drawing of the fork and working drawing of the front axis with steering pin are enclosed.Prezenční347 - Katedra částí a mechanismů strojůvýborn

Self-healing turing-universal computation in morphogenetic systems

A morphogenetic system (M system) is an abstract computational model inspired by characteristic properties of morphogenetic phenomena such as controlled growth, self-reproduction, homeostasis and self-healing in living systems. Besides selected principles of membrane computing, M systems also rely on algorithmic self-assembly of abstract tiles unfolding in a 3D (or generally, dD) space. Explicit spatial arrangements for interaction among an M system’s components are crucial for its function. From a computational viewpoint, key features of M systems include their computational universality and their efficiency to solve difficult problems. Both computational universality (in the Turing sense) and self-healing properties (in the sense of the algorithmic tile assembly model) have been demonstrated for different M systems in prior publications. Here, we demonstrate that both of these properties can be simultaneously achieved in a single M system. We present a Turing universal string acceptor M system that also exhibits self-healing capabilities of degree 1. This result is rather surprising since Turing machines are usually very sensitive to minor damage to their internal structure. The result thus sheds light on the power and importance of geometric and spatial arrangements for the reliability and robustness of a computational system

Morphogenetic systems for resource bounded computation and modeling

A further exploration is presented of recent approaches to morphogenetic processes where geometry and form are fundamental primitives. Prior bottom-up approaches in morphogenetic modeling usually target a specific biological process aiming for optimal fidelity. We take a novel, more integrative and more abstract view of these phenomena and aim at properties such as (computational) universality, homeostasis, self-reproduction or self-healing, in both living and artificial evolving systems with explicit geometric 3D arrangements. We refine the recently introduced model of M systems (for morphogenetic systems) that leverages certain constructs in membrane computing and DNA self-assembly. The model is still based on local interactions of simple atomic components under explicit geometric constraints given by their shapes and spatial arrangements. We demonstrate two types of capabilities of the extended models. First, they are computationally universal in the Turing sense because they can simulate Turing machines very efficiently, with only a linear slowdown factor. Furthermore, they have the theoretical capability to probabilistically solve NP-hard problems in polynomial time. Second, more importantly, they unfold to exhibit certain macro-properties characteristic of living organisms (particularly, the ability of self-assembly of complex structures, self-reproduction and self-healing) as global properties observable at the macro-level, without explicit programming of these properties beyond simple rules of interaction. Besides providing a new theoretical background for this type of model, we provide quantitative evidence of these properties in a simple cell-like M system model. These results have been obtained using an M system simulator and visualizer that is available as open source software for further research in this area

From P systems to morphogenetic systems: an overview and open problems

Morphogenetic (M) systems are an abstract model of computation inspired by morphogenetic processes in living cells and organisms. They were created as a generalization of P systems with proteins on membranes. Abstract cells are not used as atomic elements but they can be assembled from simpler primitives called tiles with pre-defined shapes, sizes and changeable positions in 2D or 3D Euclidean space. This additional level of realism provides a closer relation to fields as synthetic or systems biology. We summarize known results on M systems which include studies of computational universality, computational efficiency in solving intractable problems, and we discuss their relation to other models of P systems. An important capability of M systems is their robustness under injuries and their self-healing properties which has been established theoretically and verified experimentally. Finally, we present results of computational experiments inspired by cell mitosis processes. All topics are accompanied with related open problems

A Self-Controlled and Self-Healing Model of Bacterial Cells

A new kind of self-assembly model, morphogenetic (M) systems, assembles spatial units into larger structures through local interactions of simpler components and enables discovery of new principles for cellular membrane assembly, development, and its interface function. The model is based on interactions among three kinds of constitutive objects such as tiles and protein-like elements in discrete time and continuous 3D space. It was motivated by achieving a balance between three conflicting goals: biological, physical-chemical, and computational realism. A recent example is a unified model of morphogenesis of a single biological cell, its membrane and cytoskeleton formation, and finally, its self-reproduction. Here, a family of dynamic M systems (Mbac) is described with similar characteristics, modeling the process of bacterial cell formation and division that exhibits bacterial behaviors of living cells at the macro-level (including cell growth that is self-controlled and sensitive to the presence/absence of nutrients transported through membranes), as well as self-healing properties. Remarkably, it consists of only 20 or so developmental rules. Furthermore, since the model exhibits membrane formation and septic mitosis, it affords more rigorous definitions of concepts such as injury and self-healing that enable quantitative analyses of these kinds of properties. Mbac shows that self-assembly and interactions of living organisms with their environments and membrane interfaces are critical for self-healing, and that these properties can be defined and quantified more rigorously and precisely, despite their complexity

Morphogenetic systems: Models and experiments

M systems are mathematical models of morphogenesis developed to gain insights into its relations to phenomena such as self-assembly, self-controlled growth, homeostasis, self-healing and self-reproduction, in both natural and artificial systems. M systems rely on basic principles of membrane computing and self-assembly, as well as explicit emphasis on geometrical structures (location and shape) in 2D, 3D or higher dimensional Euclidean spaces. They can be used for principled studies of these phenomena, both theoretically and experimentally, at a computational level abstracted from their detailed implementation. In particular, they afford 2D and 3D models to explore biological morphogenetic processes. Theoretical studies have shown that M systems are powerful tools (e.g., computational universal, i.e. can become as complex as any computer program) and their parallelism allows for trading space for time in solving efficiently problems considered infeasible on conventional computers (NP-hard problems). In addition, they can also exhibit properties such as robustness to injuries and degrees of self-healing. This paper focuses on the experimental side of M systems. To this end, we have developed a high-level morphogenetic simulator, Cytos, to implement and visualize M systems in silico in order to verify theoretical results and facilitate research in M systems. We summarize the software package and make a brief comparison with some other simulators of membrane systems. The core of the article is a description of a range of experiments inspired by aspects of morphogenesis in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The experiments explore the regulatory role of the septum and of the cytoskeleton in cell fission, the robustness of cell models against injuries, and, finally, the impact of changing nutrient concentration on population growth

Morphogenetic and homeostatic self-assembled systems

As a natural evolution of developments in membrane computing and self-assembly, the time appears ripe to hybridize their principles to explore models capable of exhibiting further properties exhibited by living organisms, while preserving the primary advantages of models in physics, chemistry and computer science, e.g. arising from local interactions of their components and implementable in silico and/or in vitro. We introduce an abstract model named M system, capable of self assembly and a developmental process, that strikes a balance between these conflicting goals, namely biological realism, physical-chemical realism and computational realism. We demonstrate that such systems are capable of being assembled from scratch from some atomic components, undergo a process of morphogenesis by the unfolding of the self-assembly rules defined by their local interactions, exhibit crucial properties of living cells as the self-healing property or mitosis (cell division), and eventually enter a stable equilibrium of adulthood in which they will continue to function as long as certain conditions in their environment remain. We present some theoretical results on the model, as well as preliminary simulations and experimental results of an M system simulator we have developed to explore this kind of model