Pressure as effective green technology for synthesis of polyfunctionally substituted heteroaromatics: Synthesis of a variety of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines

Pyrazole molecules are in the forefront of organic chemistry due to their various encompass substituents, which have many biological activity sequence. The biological and medicinal activities of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines have received considerable interest in this regard. We reported here a comparison between reaction of 4-phenylazo-3,5-diaminopyrazole (4) with ethyl propiolate (15), dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate (20), diethyl fumarate (25) and benzylidenemalononitrile (11) in the presence of catalytic amount of piperidine. We initially followed literature procedure (method A), then utilizing ultrasound irradiation (method B), microwave heating (method C) and in a Q-tube (method D). We confirmed the structure of the product by analytical spectroscopic methods. Method (D) gave a good yield with a record reaction time

Non-traumatic cauda equina syndrome in adults. What etiology? About 76 cases

Cauda equina syndrome is a rare neurological disease caused by compression of the cauda equina. The ponytail consists of the spinal nerves L2-L5, S1-S5 and the coccygeal nerve. We carried out a retrospective study over a period of two years (24 months), ranging from January 01, 2020, to December 31, 2021, from the files of patients referred for lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or CT scan exploration in the context of low back pain or sciatica resistant to disabling medical treatment, a neurological deficit of the lower limbs associated or not with the bladder and/or rectal sphincter disorders, without any notion of trauma, with as judgment criterion the demonstration of an anomaly responsible for compression of the roots of the ponytail. We collected seventy-six (76) patients, with an average age of 53.5 years old and at extremes ages of 15 years and 89 years. We noted a female predominance with a sex ratio of 1.5 in favour of the female sex. Most of the patients were explored with MRI in 89 % of cases. Our patient history was dominated by cancer pathologies, with breast cancer in 24% of cases and prostatic cancer in 18% of cases. Sphincteric disorders mainly represented the symptomatology presented by the patients in 47% of cases and lumboscialitica in 28% of cases. The conflicting disc herniation dominated the etiologies in 36 % of cases, followed by secondary vertebral neoplastic lesions in 20% of cases. MRI and CT scans are important radiological modalities in characterizing lesions responsible for cauda equina syndrome in adults. The CT scan is effective in the study of bone and the MRI in the study of nerve roots, intervertebral discs and paravertebral soft tissues

Heavy Metals Concentration in Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) from the Moroccan Mediterranean Coast and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment

Due to their toxicity, long persistence, bioaccumulative nature, and biomagnification in the food chain, heavy metals pose a serious hazard. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health risks associated with the consumption of Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1792) and to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of four potentially toxic metallic elements. Three hundred and sixty specimens of sardine were collected between December 2020 and October 2021 at three Mediterranean coast sites, Beni-Ensar, Ras el Ma, and El-Houceima, in the northeast region of Morocco. The toxic metallic elements were evaluated by assessing the contamination level of cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and arsenic (As) in the muscle, liver, and gills of sardine from the Mediterranean Moroccan coast. The results showed a significant effect of the study area, organ, and season (p>0.05) on Moroccan Mediterranean sardine heavy metal contamination levels. Regardless the location and season, the liver presents the higher concentration of the studied metals (p<0.05). The highest heavy metal concentrations of Cd (0.408 μg·g−1 wet weight (ww)), Hg (0.044 μg·g−1 ww), and As (6.74 μg·g−1 ww) were found in winter while the concentration of Pb was the highest in autumn (0.056 μg·g−1 ww). Furthermore, the lowest contamination of metal levels was found in the spring. El-Houceima region contains the highest values for Hg (0.093 μg·g−1 ww), Pb (0.018 μg·g−1 ww), and As (7.73 μg·g−1 ww). However, the highest values for Cd (0.172 μg·g−1 ww) were recorded in Beni-Ensar. Regarding the assessment of possible risks to human health, the results showed that the indices are below the established safety values in the case of estimated weekly intake, and target hazard quotient (THQ). In contrast, the carcinogenic risk index and total THQ were above the threshold limits and thus represented a potential carcinogenic risk to human health