8,534 research outputs found
Cooling of Hybrid Stars with Spin Down Compression
We study the cooling of hybrid stars coupling with spin-down. Due to the
spin-down of hybrid stars, the interior density continuously increases,
different neutrino reactions may be triggered(from the modified Urca process to
the quark and nucleon direct Urca process) at different stages of evolution. We
calculate the rate of neutrino emissivity of different reactions and simulate
the cooling curves of the rotational hybrid stars. The results show the cooling
curves of hybrid stars clearly depend on magnetic field if the direct urca
reactions occur during the spin-down. Comparing the results of the rotational
star model with the transitional static model, we find the cooling behavior of
rotational model is more complicated, the temperature of star is higher,
especially when direct urca reactions appear in process of rotation. And then
we find that the predicted temperatures of some rotating hybrid stars are
compatible with the pulsar's data which are contradiction with the results of
transitional method.Comment: 8 pages, 5figures, accepted by RA
An Effective Combination of Different Order N-grams
In this paper an approach is proposed to combine different order N-grams based on the discriminative estimation criterion, on which the parameters of n-gram can be optimized. To raise the power of modeling language information, we propose several schemes to combine conventional different order n-gram language model. We employ Newton Gradient method to estimate the assumption probabilities and then test the optimally selected language model. We conduct experiments on the platform of conversion from Chinese pinyin to Chinese character. The experimental results show that the memory capacity of language model can be remarkably lowered with hide loss of accuracy. 1
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