21,010 research outputs found
The Health Consequences of Mozambican Civil War : an Anthropometric Approach
Survivors are the ones who bear the burden of reconstruction, thus the examination of the costs of civil conflicts to survivors health is crucial for the design of post-war economic policies. This paper investigates this question for the Mozambican civil war, using an original geo-referenced event dataset. I find that women exposed to the conflict during the early years of life have a weaker health, reflected by a lower height for age z-score (HAZ). Using the Infancy Childhood Puberty curves, a concept given by the medical literature studying the human growth process, I point out that this negative effect depends both on the age of entry into civil war and on the number of months spent in conflict. Furthermore, this study indicates that months of civil war before a woman's birth also have a negative impact on her health highlighting the importance of the prenatal conditions.Civil war, health, nutrition, anthropometry.
Polarization Versus Agglomeration
The aim of this paper is to analyze the processes of polarization and
agglomeration, to explain the mechanisms and causes of these phenomena in order
to identify similarities and differences. As the main implication of this study
should be noted that both process pretend to explain the concentration of
economic activity and population in certain places, through cumulative
phenomena, but with different perspectives, in other words, the polarization
with a view of economic development and agglomeration with a perspective of
space
Sectoral Convergence in Output Per Worker Between Portuguese Regions
The aim of this paper is to present a further contribution to the analysis of
absolute convergence (and), associated with the neoclassical theory, and
conditional, associated with endogenous growth theory, of the sectoral
productivity at regional level. Presenting some empirical evidence of absolute
convergence of productivity for each of the economic sectors and industries in
each of the regions of mainland Portugal (NUTS II and NUTS III) in the period
1986 to 1994 and from 1995 to 1999. The finest spatial unit NUTS III is only
considered for each of the economic sectors in the period 1995 to 1999. They
are also presented empirical evidence of conditional convergence of
productivity, but only for each of the economic sectors of the NUTS II of
Portugal, from 1995 to 1999. The structural variables used in the analysis of
conditional convergence is the ratio of capital/output, the flow of
goods/output and location ratio. The main conclusions should be noted that the
signs of convergence are stronger in the first period than in the second and
that convergence is conditional, especially in industry and in all sectors
(1)(Martinho, 2011)
Spatial Effects and Convergence Theory in the Portuguese Situation
This study analyses, through cross-section estimation methods, the influence
of spatial effects and human capital in the conditional productivity
convergence (product per worker) in the economic sectors of NUTs III of
mainland Portugal between 1995 and 2002. To analyse the data, Moran's I
statistics is considered, and it is stated that productivity is subject to
positive spatial autocorrelation (productivity develops in a similar manner to
productivity in neighbouring regions), above all, in agriculture and services.
Industry and the total of all sectors present indications that they are subject
to positive spatial autocorrelation in productivity. On the other hand, it is
stated that the indications of convergence, specifically bearing in mind the
concept of absolute convergence, are greater in industry. Taking into account
the estimation results, it is stated once again that the indications of
convergence are greater in industry, and it can be seen that spatial spillover
effects, spatial lag (capturing spatial autocorrelation through a spatially
redundant dependent variable) and spatial error (capturing spatial
autocorrelation through a spatially redundant error term), as well as human
capital, condition the convergence of productivity in the various economic
sectors of Portuguese region in the period under consideration (Martinho,
2011)
Geographic Concentration in Portugal and Regional Specific Factors
This paper pretends to analyze the importance which the natural advantages
and local resources are in the manufacturing industry location, in relation
with the "spillovers" effects and industrial policies. To this, we estimate the
Rybczynski equation matrix for the various manufacturing industries in
Portugal, at regional level (NUTS II) and for the period 1980 to 1999.
Estimations are displayed with the model mentioned and for four different
periods, namely 1980 to 1985, from 1986 to 1994, from 1980 to 1994 and from
1995 to 1999. The consideration of the various periods until 1994, aims to
capture the effects of our entrance at the, in that time, EEC (European
Economic Community) and the consideration of a period from 1995 is because the
change in methodology for compiling statistical data taken from this time in
Portugal. As a summary conclusion, noted that the location of manufacturing in
Portugal is still mostly explained by specific factors, with a tendency to
increase in some cases the explanation by these factors, having the effect
"spillovers" and industrial policies little importance in this context
The Verdoorn Law in the Portuguese Regions: A Panel Data Analysis
This work aims to test the Verdoorn Law, with the alternative specifications
of (1)Kaldor (1966), for five regions (NUTS II) Portuguese from 1986 to 1994
and for the 28 NUTS III Portuguese in the period 1995 to 1999. Will, therefore,
to analyze the existence of increasing returns to scale that characterize the
phenomena of polarization with circular and cumulative causes and can explain
the processes of regional divergence. It is intended to test, even in this
work, the alternative interpretation of (2)Rowthorn (1975) Verdoorn's Law for
the same regions and periods. The results of this work will be complemented
with estimates of these relationships to other sectors of the economy than the
industry (primary and services sector), for each of the manufacturing
industries operating in the Portuguese regions and for the total economy of
each region (3)(Martinho, 2011)
Spatial Autocorrelation and Verdoorn Law in the Portuguese NUTs III
This study analyses, through cross-section estimation methods, the influence
of spatial effects in productivity (product per worker), at economic sectors
level of the NUTs III of mainland Portugal, from 1995 to 1999 and from 2000 to
2005 (taking in count the data availability and the Portuguese and European
context), considering the Verdoorn relationship. From the analyses of the data,
by using Moran I statistics, it is stated that productivity is subject to a
positive spatial autocorrelation (productivity of each of the regions develops
in a similar manner to each of the neighbouring regions), above all in
services. The total sectors of all regional economy present, also, indicators
of being subject to positive autocorrelation in productivity. Bearing in mind
the results of estimations, it can been that the effects of spatial spillovers,
spatial lags (measuring spatial autocorrelation through the spatially lagged
dependent variable) and spatial error (measuring spatial autocorrelation
through the spatially lagged error terms), influence the Verdoorn relationship
when it is applied to the economic sectors of Portuguese regions. The results
obtained for the two periods are different, as expected, and are better in
second period, because, essentially, the European and national public supports
(Martinho, 2011)
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