43 research outputs found
Kvaliteta života u bolesnika s reumatoidnim artritisom ā preliminarna studija
The most severe effects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are loss of physical function and chronic pain, which may have a major impact on different areas of the personās existence. The aim of this study was to get an insight into the quality of life (QOL) in subjects with RA in connection
with pain perception and functional ability. The following instruments were used: the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) and Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain). The results indicated that there was no statistical difference in the QOL between subjects with RA and healthy population according to SF-36 Croatian norms. Also, the results showed that stronger pain experience was significantly associated with poorer social functioning assessment (SF36SF, Spearmanās rho=-0.463, p<0.05), poorer general health perception (SF36GH, Spearmanās
rho=-0.432, p<0.05) and poorer physical functioning (WHOPH, Spearmanās rho=-0.688, p<0.01). Furthermore, the subjects evaluating their general functional state worse were found to have worse physical functioning (SF36PF, Spearmanās rho=-0.699 and WHOPH, Spearmanās rho=-0.769), poorer social functioning (SF36SF, Spearmanās rho=-0.580) and experienced greater pain intensity (SF36BP, Spearmanās rho=-0.652). Therefore, additional efforts should be invested to define a holistic and integrative model of treatment and rehabilitation of people with RA, focused on pain relief, improvement
of functional ability, encouraging social interaction and supporting positive emotional responses.Neke od najozbiljnijih posljedica reumatoidnog artritisa (RA) su kroniÄna bol i gubitak fiziÄkih funkcija, Å”to može imati snažan utjecaj na razliÄita podruÄja osobne egzistencije u oboljelih. U tom smislu, cilj ovoga istraživanja odnosio se na dobivanje uvida u kvalitetu života osoba s RA u povezanosti s percepcijom boli i funkcionalnom sposobnoÅ”Äu. KoriÅ”teni su sljedeÄi instrumenti procjene: Upitnik kvaliteta života Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHOQOL-BREF), Upitnik za samoprocjenu
zdravstvenog stanja SF-36, Upitnik procjene zdravstvenog statusa i indeksa invalidnosti (HAQ-DI) i Vizualno analogna ljestvica samoprocjene boli (VAS). Prema dobivenim podacima nije utvrÄena statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika u procjeni kvalitete života izmeÄu osoba s RA i zdrave populacije prema standardiziranoj hrvatskoj verziji upitnika SF-36. MeÄutim, intenzivniji doživljaj boli bio je znaÄajno povezan s loÅ”ijom procjenom socijalnog funkcioniranja (SF36SF, Spearmanov rho=-0,463, p<0,05), nižom percepcijom zdravstvenog statusa (SF36GH, Spearmanov rho=-0,432, p<0,05) i slabijim funkcionalnim statusom (WHOPH, Spearmanov rho=-0,688, p<0.01). Nadalje, dobiveni podaci ukazuju na to da osobe koje svoju opÄu funkcionalnu sposobnost procjenjuju loÅ”ijom imaju sniženo fiziÄko funkcioniranje (SF36PF, Spearmanov rho=-0,699 i WHOPH, Spearmanov rho=-0,769), slabije socijalno funkcioniranje (SF36SF, Spearmanov rho=-0,580) te intenzivniji doživljaj boli (SF36BP, Spearmanov rho=-0,652). Na temelju ovih rezultata proizlazi potreba definiranja holistiÄkog i integrativnog modela terapije i rehabilitacije osoba s RA usmjerenog na ublažavanje boli, poboljÅ”anje funkcionalnih sposobnosti, osnaživanje socijalnih interakcija, kao i na potporu pozitivnim emocionalnim reakcijama
Komplementarno i alternativno lijeÄenje miÅ”iÄinokoÅ”tane boli
The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is high and increasing worldwide. Patients usually use CAM in addition to conventional medicine, mainly to treat pain. In a large number of cases, people use CAM for chronic musculoskeletal pain as in osteoarthritis, back pain, neck pain, or fibromyalgia. Herewith, a review is presented of CAM efficacy in treating musculoskeletal pain for which, however, no scientific research has so far provided evidence solid enough. In some rare cases where adequate pain control cannot be achieved, CAM might be considered in rational and individual approach based on the first general rule in medicine ānot to harmā and on the utility theory of each intervention, i.e. according to the presumed mechanism of painful stimulus and with close monitoring of the patientās response. Further high quality studies are warranted to elucidate the efficacy and side effects of CAM methods. Therefore, conventional medicine remains the main mode of treatment for patients with musculoskeletal painful conditions.Diljem svijeta zabilježen je porast uÄestalosti uporabe proizvoda i usluga komplementarne i alternativne medicine (KAM). Bolesnici primjenjuju KAM zajedno s metodama konvencionalne medicine i to prvenstveno za lijeÄenje boli. U velikom broju sluÄajeva radi se o kroniÄnoj miÅ”iÄnokoÅ”tanoj boli, primjerice kod osteoartitisa, križobolje, vratobolje ili fibromijalgije. U ovom se preglednom radu prikazuje uÄinkovitost KAM u lijeÄenju miÅ”iÄnokoÅ”tane boli, za koju zasada ne postoje Ävrsti znanstveni dokazi. U nekih, i to rijetkih bolesnika u kojih se nikako ne može postiÄi zadovoljavajuÄa kontrola boli eventualno bi se mogla razmotriti moguÄnost primjene KAM u sklopu racionalnog i individualnog pristupa temeljenog na opÄem pravilu āne Å”tetiti bolesnikuā i na korisnosti primjene tih metoda u pojedinog bolesnika, odnosno u skladu s pretpostavljenim mehanizmom bolnog podražaja, a uza strogo praÄenje terapijskog odgovora. Postoji potreba za studijama visoke kvalitete kojima bi se razjasnilo pitanje uÄinkovitosti i nuspojava KAM. Stoga konvencionalna medicina ostaje glavni naÄin lijeÄenja bolesnika s bolnim miÅ”iÄnokoÅ”tanim stanjima
Physical Activity and Osteoporosis
Osteoporoza je sistemska koÅ”tana bolest karakterizirana smanjenom koÅ”tanom masom i poremeÄenom mikroarhitekturom, Å”to za posljedicu ima krhkost kostiju i poviÅ”en rizik od razvoja prijeloma. Za razvoj osteoporoze u starijoj dobi kritiÄna je vrÅ”na koÅ”tana masa dosegnuta u mladosti. Tjelesna aktivnost, poglavito vježbe s optereÄenjem i one jakog intenziteta, s vjerojatnim mehanizmom mehaniÄkog stresa i indukcije osteoblasta, imaju važnu ulogu u postizanju vrÅ”ne koÅ”tane mase te prevenciji osteoporoze i osteoporotskih prijeloma. Osobama razliÄitih dobnih skupina, ovisno o komorbiditetu, Äimbenicima rizika od padova i prijeloma, ali i afinitetu prema odreÄenim sportovima, preporuÄuju se razliÄite tjelesne aktivnosti radi zaÅ”tite zdravlja kosti. Djeci i mladima radi postizanja maksimalne vrÅ”ne koÅ”tane mase preporuÄuje se bavljenje sportovima kao Å”to su koÅ”arka, odbojka, gimnastika odnosno aktivnostima s otporom, ponajprije onim antigravitacijskima. U žena, a napose nakon menopauze tjelesna aktivnost trebala bi ukljuÄivati vježbe snaženja miÅ”iÄa, aerobik, trening jakog intenziteta i/ili antigravitacijske vježbe radi smanjenja gubitka mineralne koÅ”tane mase. Program vježbanja za osobe s osteoporozom trebao bi sadržavati i vježbe posture, koordinacije i ravnoteže, hoda, snaženja miÅ”iÄa zdjeliÄnog obruÄa te miÅ”iÄa stabilizatora trupa. Osobe s verificiranim prijelomom kraljeÅ”ka u kroniÄnoj fazi trebale bi provoditi vježbe koordinacije i ravnoteže te vježbe snaženja miÅ”iÄa ekstenzora kralježnice. Rehabilitacijski program nakon osteoporotske frakture kuka ukljuÄuje uglavnom vježbe opsega pokreta, snaženja miÅ”iÄa, vježbe hoda i ravnoteže te funkcionalni trening. Pri osmiÅ”ljavanju programa treninga za prevenciju ili lijeÄenje osteoporoze nužno je individualno planiranje. Vježbe bi trebale biti specifiÄne i postupno progresivne pri postizanju jaÄine intenziteta ili optereÄenja kosti te se provoditi kontinuirano.Osteoporosis is a systematic skeletal disease characterised by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone leading to greater bone fragility and consequentially increased risk of fractures. Peak bone mass in youth is critical for the development of osteoporosis at an older age. Physical activity, especially resistance and high intensity exercises, with a probable mechanism of mechanical stress and osteoblastic induction, play a significant role in achieving peak bone mass and preventing osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Various types of physical activity aimed at protecting bone health are recommended to individuals of different age groups, depending on comorbidity, risk factors for falls and fractures, as well as affinity for certain sports. To achieve maximum peak bone mass, children and young people are advised to engage in sports such as basketball, volleyball, gymnastics or resistance training, especially weight-bearing exercises. In the case of women, especially postmenopausal women, physical activity should include muscle strength training, aerobics, high intensity training and/or weight-bearing exercises to reduce the loss of bone mineral. Exercise programme for osteoporosis patients should include exercises for improving posture, coordination and balance, walking exercises, pelvic muscle strengthening exercises and core stability exercises. People with verified vertebral fracture in chronic phase should do exercises for improving coordination and balance, as well as back extensor strengthening exercises. The rehabilitation programme after osteoporotic hip fracture involves mainly the range of motion and muscle strength exercises, exercises for improving walking and balance, and functional training. When designing a training programme for the prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, individual planning is crucial. Exercises should be specific and gradually progressive in achieving intensity and bone load, and they should be performed regularly
Bell\u27s palsy
Bellova pareza (BP) definira se kao iznenadna, izolirana i jednostrana periferna pareza lica uzrokovana oÅ”teÄenjem liÄnoga živca nepoznatog uzroka, zbog Äega se naziva i idiopatskom. Ime je dobila prema Å”kotskom kirurgu sir Charlesu Bellu koji je poÄetkom 19. stoljeÄa objavio niz radova o akutnoj perifernoj parezi liÄnoga živca. RijeÄ je o najÄeÅ”Äoj akutnoj mononeuropatiji s godiÅ”njom incidencijom od 11-40/100.000 stanovnika. Etiologija BP-a i dalje ostaje nerazjaÅ”njena, uz dvije najzastupljenije etioloÅ”ke hipoteze ā viroloÅ”ku i autoimunu. KliniÄka se slika obiÄno razvija unutar 72 sata i manifestira se
poglavito slaboÅ”Äu mimiÄnih miÅ”iÄa, uz pridružene simptome poput retroaurikularnog bola, hiperakuzije ili smetnji suzenja i okusa. Dijagnoza BP-a postavlja se prvenstveno anamnezom i kliniÄkim pregledom, a važno je odrediti težinu oÅ”teÄenja odnosno stupanj funkcije živca pomoÄu neke od dostupnih ljestvica. S obzirom da je uzrok BP-a nepoznat, lijeÄenje je simptomatsko, zbog Äega je iznimno važna temeljita dijagnostika, odnosno diferencijalno dijagnostiÄko promiÅ”ljanje kako se ne bi propustili moguÄi poznati uzroci pareze liÄnoga živca te raniji poÄetak konkretnog etioloÅ”kog lijeÄenja. Prva
tri dana po nastanku simptoma kljuÄna su za poÄetak lijeÄenja BP-a, stoga je neophodna dobra koordinacija lijeÄnika razliÄitih specijalnosti. LijeÄenje BP-a je multidimenzionalno, a temelji se na terapiji glukokortikoidima, za koje se pokazalo da pozitivno djeluju na poboljÅ”anje funkcije liÄnoga živca i smanjenje trajanja oporavka, kao i broja komplikacija. Uz njih, neizostavni dio lijeÄenja su i potporne mjere poput zaÅ”tite oka, te vježbe mimiÄnih miÅ”iÄa radi oÄuvanja tonusa miÅ”iÄa. Izbor pravilnog lijeÄenja prikladnih bolesnika može optimizirati vjerojatnost oporavka živca. Premda Äe se mnogi bolesnici s BP-om u potpunosti oporaviti i bez lijeÄenja, nekima od njih trajna slabost miÅ”iÄa lica može ozbiljno naruÅ”avati kvalitetu života.Bell\u27s palsy (BP) is defined as a sudden, isolated and unilateral peripheral facial palsy caused by the facial nerve damage of an unknown origin and therefore called idiopathic. It was named after a Scottish surgeon, Sir Charles Bell, who published several papers on acute peripheral paresis of the facial nerve at the beginning of the 19th century. It is the most common acute mononeuropathy, with an annual incidence of 11-40 cases per 100,000 people. BP\u27s etiology remains unclear, with the two main etiologic hypotheses ā viral and autoimmune. The clinical picture usually develops within 72 hours
and is manifested mainly by the weakness of mimic muscles, with associated symptoms such as retroauricular pain, hyperacusis, decreased tearing and altered taste. Diagnosis of BP is primarily based on history and clinical examination, and it is important to determine the severity of damage or the degree of nerve function using one of the available scoring systems. Since the cause of BP is unknown, the treatment is symptomatic. Because of that, it is extremely important to carefully carry out the diagnostics so as not to miss any known causes of facial nerve paresis and the earlier beginning of specific etiological treatment. The first three days after the onset of symptoms are essential to the beginning of treatment of BP, therefore good coordination of doctors of various specialties is necessary. The treatment of BP is multimodal and is based on glucocorticoid therapy, which has been shown to have a positive effect on improving the function of the facial nerve and reducing the duration of recovery, as well as the number of complications. Beside them, supportive measures such as eye protection and mime therapy are also essential to preserve muscle tone. The proper treatment of suitable patients can optimize the probability of nerve recovery. Although many BP patients will fully recover without treatment, in some of them permanent weakness
of the mimic muscles may seriously impair their quality of life
KroniÄni multimorbiditet kod križobolje ili drugih kroniÄnih poremeÄaja u leÄima u Republici Hrvatskoj
The aim was to assess the prevalence of chronic multimorbidity in patients with
chronic low back pain or other chronic back disorders (BD). We analyzed data from the population-based
cross-sectional European Health Interview Survey (EHIS) performed in the Republic of Croatia 2014-
2015 by the Croatian Institute of Public Health. Outcome was the point-prevalence of chronic multimorbidity
defined as having ā„2 chronic illnesses out of 14 contained in the EHIS questionnaire, after
adjustment for ten sociodemographic, anthropometric and lifestyle confounders. Amoung fourteen
targeted illnesses were asthma, allergies, hypertension, urinary incontinence, kidney diseases, coronary
heart disease or angina pectoris, neck disorder, arthrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes
mellitus, myocardial infarction, stroke, depression, and the common category āotherā. We analyzed data
on 268 participants with BD and 511 without it. Participants with BD had a significantly higher relative
risk of any chronic multimorbidity (RRadj=2.12; 95% CI 1.55, 2.99; p<0.001), as well as of non-musculoskeletal
chronic multimorbidity (RRadj=2.29; 95% CI 1.70, 3.08; p=0.001) than participants without
BD. All chronic comorbidities except for asthma and liver cirrhosis were significantly more prevalent
in participants with BD than in participants without BD. In the population with BD, the participants
with multimorbidity had three to four times higher odds for unfavorable self-reported health outcomes
than the participants with no comorbid conditions, whereas the existence of only one comorbidity was
not significantly associated with a worse outcome compared to the population with no comorbidities. In
conclusion, the population suffering from BD has a higher prevalence of chronic multimorbidity than the
population without BD and this multimorbidity is associated with unfavorable health outcomes.Cilj je bio procijeniti prevalenciju kroniÄnog multimorbiditeta u bolesnika s križoboljom ili drugim kroniÄnim poremeÄajima
u leÄima (KPL). Analizirali smo podatke populacijske presjeÄne Europske zdravstvene ankete (EHIS) koju je u Republici
Hrvatskoj tijekom 2014. i 2015. godine proveo Hrvatski zavod za javno zdravstvo. Ishod je bila trenutna prevalencija
kroniÄnog multimorbiditeta, definiranog prisutnoÅ”Äu s dvije ili viÅ”e kroniÄnih bolesti od ukupno Äetrnaest sadržanih u EHIS
upitniku, nakon prilagodbe za deset sociodemografskih, antropometrijskih i poremeÄujuÄih varijabla povezanih sa životnim
stilom. IzmeÄu Äetrnaest ciljanih bolesti bile su obuhvaÄene astma, alergije, hipertenzija, urinarna inkontinencija, bubrežne
bolesti, koronarna bolest ili angina pectoris, vratobolja, artroza, kroniÄna opstruktivna pluÄna bolest, moždani udar, Å”eÄerna
bolest, srÄani udar, depresija i zajedniÄka kategorija āostaloā. Analizirali smo podatke o 268 sudionika s KPL i 511 bez njih.
Sudionici s KPL imali su znaÄajno veÄi relativni rizik za bilo koji kroniÄni multimorbiditet (RRadj = 2,12; 95% CI 1,55; 2,99;
p<0,001) kao i za kroniÄni ne-muskuloskeletni multimobiditet (RRadj = 2,29; 95% CI 1,70, 3,08; p=0,001) od sudionika bez
KPL. Svi kroniÄni komorbiditeti osim astme i ciroze jetre, bili su znaÄajno zastupljeniji u sudionika s KPL nego u sudionika
bez KPL. U populaciji s KPL, sudionici s multimorbiditetom imali su tri do Äetiri puta veÄe izglede za samoprijavljene
nepovoljne zdravstvene ishode, nego sudionici bez komorbidnih stanja, dok postojanje samo jednog komorbiditeta nije bilo
znaÄajno povezano s loÅ”ijim ishodima u usporedbi s populacijom bez kroniÄnih komorbiditeta.
ZakljuÄno, populacija s KPL ima veÄu prevalenciju kroniÄnog multimorbiditeta nego populacija bez KPL i taj je multimorbiditet
povezan s nepovoljnim zdravstvenim ishodima
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Sindrom tarzalnog tunela (STT) relativno je rijetka kompresivna mononeuropatija donjih ekstremiteta uzrokovana kompresijom tibijalnog živca ili njegovih ogranaka (medijalnog ili lateralnog plantarnog živca) u podruÄju tarzalnog kanala. Pripada skupini kanalikularnih sindroma, a iako puno rjeÄi, može se smatrati ekvivalentnim sindromu karpalnog tunela. KliniÄki se oÄituje pojavom boli, poglavito u medijalnom dijelu tabana te žarenjem i trncima u podruÄju prva tri prsta stopala. Uz kliniÄku procjenu, za dijagnosticiranje ove neuropatije najÄeÅ”Äe se koriste elektrodijagnostiÄke pretrage ā elektroneurografija (ENG) i elektromiografija (EMG), te ultrazvuÄna pretraga. LijeÄenje STT-a može biti konzervativno i kirurÅ”ko. Konzervativno lijeÄenje preporuÄuje se bolesnicima s lakÅ”im do umjerenim tegobama, dok se kirurÅ”ko lijeÄenje provodi u bolesnika s težim oÅ”teÄenjima. Cilj je ovog preglednog rada prikazati novije spoznaje vezane za STT s naglaskom na potvrdu kliniÄke dijagnoze najÄeÅ”Äe koriÅ”tenim dijagnostiÄkim pretragama kao Å”to su elektroneurografija (ENG) i elektromiografija (EMG) te ultrazvuÄni pregled.Tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) is relatively rare compressive mononeuropathy of lower extremities caused by compression of tibial nerve and its associated branches (medial and lateral plantar nerve) in tarsal tunnel. It is one of canalicular sindromes, although much less common, and is equivalent of carpal tunnel syndrome. Clinically it is presented with pain in medial foot aspect, numbness and parestesia in the first three toes. Beside clinical assessement, diagnosis of this neuropathy is made by the use of electrodiagnostic procedures of neurography (ENG) and electromiography (EMG) and diagnostic ultrasound imaging. The management of tarsal tunnel syndrome can be conservative or operative. Patients with light to moderate simptoms are treated conservatively while those with severe damage undergo operative treatment. The aim of this systematic narrative review is to scrutinize the literature to date of TTS with emphasis on clinical diagnosis validation via neurography (ENG) and electromiography (EMG), and diagnostic ultrasound