Veril Palutta Pala Reveals the Social Misfortunes

Social problems are the problems that occur in human life. Witnesses are pointing out the life problems of individual people and the different thoughts of the human mind. In today's times, there are various types of superstitions found in a few people. That is, this novel highlights the superstition that if a woman is married and her husband dies, then the women in her house should not go ahead of them when they go outside for work or for a good cause. A Government recruiting officer should behave honestly. For example, the road safety officer should follow the road rules and treat everyone equally. But in this novel, it is pointed out that the officer pays respect to the higher people and takes bribes from the common people. The witnesses have said that there are only two categories in this world namely male and female. However, inequality can still be seen in various places. This novel highlights that this brutality is not an exception in government office. The idea that some of the friends are true and some of them use friendship for necessity is featured in this novel. It is a Tamil tradition to welcome enemies with pleasure to our home. The novel is narrated by Saravanan's mother Mutthammal. This article is intended to highlight the problems found in this novel

Antiplaque and Antigingivitis effect of a Dentifrice containing Bioactive Glass particulate-A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Maintenance of gingival health is critical in preventing gingivitis and its progression into periodontal disease. Bioactive glass has recently been formulated into a dentifrice and has demonstrated strong antimicrobial property. Objectives: The objective of this clinical trial was to evaluate the antigingivitis and antiplaque effect of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass compared with a placebo control dentifrice in a four weeks clinical study. Methodology:  The Study design was a randomized triple blind parallel clinical trial. Sixty volunteers took part in the study and were matched for age and gender. Plaque index (Turesky et al modified Quigley Hein index, 1970) and Gingival bleeding index (Ainamo and Bay, 1975) was recorded at baseline for all selected subjects. Following the baseline assessments, all subjects received a supragingival prophylaxis and polishing to remove plaque, calculus and extrinsic stain. After prophylaxis the plaque levels were brought to uniform levels, ideally close to zero, which was assessed by plaque index. After which the subjects were instructed on the proper brushing technique with their assigned dentifrice and toothbrush. Gingiva and plaque was evaluated at the end of 4 weeks using same indices. Results: A total of 60 subjects completed the study. Total number of participant (n) = 60 males (n) =50 females (n) =10. The results showed that the PLI (baseline 1.12, 4 weeks 0.65) and GBI (baseline 0.16, 4 weeks 0.08) were significantly reduced, respectively, over the 4 weeks period in the test group (p<0.001 for each measure). There was a 50% reduction in gingival bleeding and a 40%reduction in plaque growth. There was no difference of the PLI (baseline 1.34, 4 weeks 1.30) and GBI (baseline 0.13, 4 week 0.15) over the 4 week period in the control group. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the dentifrice containing Bioactive glass significantly improves gingival health as measured by a reduction in gingival bleeding and reduction in supragingival plaque compared with Placebo dentifrice over the 4 weeks study period.   KEYWORDS:  Anti-gingivitis, Anti-plaque, Bioactive glass, Dentifrice

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in preeclampsia

Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy is a clinico-radiological syndrome marked by headache, altered mental status, seizures, visual disturbances, and extensive white-matter changes, also known as hyper perfusion encephalopathy, brain capillary leak syndrome, and hypertensive encephalopathy. This syndrome was a possible consequence of several medical conditions but especially in pregnancy it is associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Objective of this study was to know the incidence and analyze the clinical features, biochemical, and radiological abnormalities in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) as a complication of preeclampsia.Methods: This was a one-year cross-sectional analytical study conducted at NRI general hospital, Chinakakani, Guntur of patients with the diagnosis of PRES. Data was obtained from medical records and analyzed them in terms of mean for continuous variables and percentages for categorical data.Results: Total no of patients diagnosed as PRES were 16 out of 127 patients of preeclampsia. Among them, 14 presented with eclampsia, and two presented with severe preeclampsia and imminent symptoms of eclampsia. Headache was the most common symptom (100%). PRES occurred at a peak SBP of ≥160 mmHg in 75% cases and peak DBP of ≥110 mmHg in 50% cases. Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was ≥600 in 56.25% and serum uric acid level ≥6 in 50% of patients of PRES. The drug of choice was magnesium sulfate.Conclusions: Neuroimaging abnormality is a definitive component in the diagnosis of PRES. These cerebral abnormalities are vital components in the pathogenesis of eclampsia. Considerable number of patients of preeclampsia might develop PRES even without eclampsia, with mild elevation in BP, serum LDH, and serum uric acid levels

Internet : A Networked Computing For Information Exchange in Oral Health Care

Internet is often called a network of networks. It provides a vehicle for networks of all kinds and individual stand-alone computers to intertwine to form a global network, which connects people the world over. The internet use in dentistry is increasing. Internet connectivity has opened a new horizon of scientific cooperation and collaboration at global level. Anyone can have easy access to information on not only public health and hygiene matters, but also on more esoteric aspect of dental practice.   Key words: internet, search engines, databases, subject directorie

Exploring Diverse Rough Neighborhoods Through Graphical Analysis

The world’s knowledge is believed to double every ten months, and this vast pool of information often contains incomplete data, imperfections, uncertainties, and vague elements. Converting such data into meaningful patterns is a crucial task for data analysts. In this research, we have explored various mathematical models for this purpose. Among these models, we focused on Pawlak’s Rough Set model applied through Rough Graphs. Our work presents a novel form of Rough Neighborhood System, as demonstrated in this paper

EFFECTS OF PHYSICAL CONDITIONING IN IMPROVING HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL (HDL-C) LEVEL AMONG TRAINED AND UNTRAINED WOMEN

The intention of this investigation was to assess the effects of physical conditioning in improving High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) level among trained and untrained women. The study was delimited to twenty trained and twenty untrained women from the inhabitants of Ongole, Andhra Pradesh, India. They were further sub-divided into experimental and control group of 10 subjects in each category. The subjects were of the age group of 22 to 25 years. The duration of the training period was restricted to twelve weeks and the number of sessions per week was confined to six. High density lipoprotein cholesterol level was selected as dependent variable and assessed during pre and posttest by standard test and procedure. Three-way analysis of variance was used to find out the influence of each factor independently. Due to the effect of physical conditioning the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of trained and untrained groups subjects were significantly increased. The result of the study also indicates that, significant differences exist among trained and untrained women irrespective of groups and tests, significant differences exist between experimental and control groups irrespective of category and tests, significant differences exist between pre and posttests irrespective of category and groups on high density lipoprotein cholesterol level.  Article visualizations

A SURVEY OF PROACTIVE AND REACTIVE PROTOCOLS IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS

Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is one of wireless communication with a collection of more than one device or nodes or terminals which contain network capability that communicate with each other. A Mobile ad-hoc network is set of different types of movable nodes and consists of mobile platforms which are free to move randomly. MANET can be deployed at low cost in variety of application and it contains different types of routing protocols which are classified under the category of proactive (Table driven Protocols) and reactive protocols (on-demand). Nodes can directly communicate to all other nodes within the broadcast communication. If node could not have direct communication then they can act as intermediate node to communicate with other nodes. This paper focus on the survey of proactive and reactive routing protocols namely DSDVR, CGSR, GSR, WRP and DSR, AODV, TORA respectively

Fibroblasts and Phagocytic Cells in Phenytoin-induced Connective Tissue Proliferation

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of phenytoin-induced gingival enlargement and inflammation to find out if there is any significant correlation between hyperplastic index andperiodontal parameters, the number of fibroblasts and phagocytic cells. Background: The introduction of phenytoin as an anti-epileptic drug in 1938 marked the beginning of a new era in the treatment of grandmal epileptic patients decreasing significantly not only the epileptic attacks but also improving the quality of life. However, there is concern in dentistry regarding gingival overgrowth as a side-effect. A histological study of this tissue can shed some light on the changes taking place. Materials and methods: Twenty-four epileptic patients on phenytoin therapy were divided into two groups as follows: • Group I or test group of individuals who had been suffering from gingival enlargement, • Group II or control patients taking phenytoin without any gingival enlargement. Plaque, gingival and hyperplastic indices of anterior teeth were determined in all the subjects. Biopsy specimens of allpatients were taken and subjected to histopathological examination to determine the number of fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes, and the level of inflammation, capillary proliferation and collagenation. Results: There is a significant increase in number of fibroblasts, macrophages, lymphocytes,collagenation and capillary proliferation in the enlarged gingiva of test group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: The degree of inflammation increases with the degree of enlargement. There is an increase in angiogenesisand the number of phagocytic cells thus indicating that phenytoin exerts growth promoting effects on the connective tissues.&nbsp

Comparative efficacy of Syntometrine Versus Oxytocin in active management of Third Stage of Labour

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum hemorrhage is a major obstetrical complication & one of the important but preventable causes of maternal morbidity & mortality. It occurs suddenly, often is unpredictable & can lead to maternal death if it is severe & untreated. Globally it is estimated that severe PPH (Postpartum hemorrhage) occurs in about 11% of women who give a live birth. The incidence is thought to be much higher in developing countries where many women do not have access to a skilled attendant at delivery and where active management of the third stage of labor may not be routine. It is estimated that about 14 million women suffer severe blood loss postpartum, and that 1% of these die as a result. A further 12% survive with severe morbidity. Uterine atony remains the most common cause of PPH. Adequate retraction of uterus in third stage of labor is essential for separation of placenta & control of third stage bleeding as well as for prevention of PPH. A prolonged third stage of labor is often associated with increased risk of maternal mortality & morbidity due to atonic PPH. In modern obstetrics judicious use of oxytocics & active management of third stage of labor is strongly recommended especially in women who are at risk of uterine atony. Routine administration of oxytocics reduces the risk of PPH by 40%. Although routine use of oxytocics has become widespread for shortening third stage of labor, the choice of oxytocin preparation, its efficacy & mode of administration varies. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study compares the efficacy of Syntometrine versus Oxytocin in the active management of third stage of labor in reducing the risk of PPH and other adverse third stage outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized prospective comparative study was conducted at Institute of Social Obstetrics and Govt. Kasturba Gandhi Hospital for Women and Children, Triplicane, Chennai, on three hundred patients, who were admitted in labor ward with no known risk factors for PPH. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case control study. Total Number of Cases: Three hundred patients. Duration of Study: From September 2008 to August 2009. METHODOLOGY: All patients included in the study delivered vaginally .The patients were assigned to 2 groups at random of 150 patients in each group. GROUP 1: Syntometrine 1 ampoule is administered within one minute after delivery of the baby. GROUP 2: Oxytocin 10 units is administered within one minute of delivery of the baby. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Singleton pregnancy, 2. No contraindication for oxytocin/syntometrine, 3. No obstetric or other indication that could warrant abdominal delivery, 4. No known risk factor for PPH. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Previous Caesarean section, 2. Previous scarred uterus, 3. Multiple pregnancy, 4. Cardiac patient, 5. Hepatic disorders, 6. Disorders of blood coagulation, 7. Past H/o third stage complications, 8. Known risk factors for PPH, 9. Instrumental vaginal delivery, 10. Absolute or relative risk factors for spontaneous vaginal delivery and hence posted for elective CS. SUMMARY: This is a comparative study regarding the efficacy of syntometrine Versus oxytocin in AMTSL in reducing the mean blood loss and other adverse 3rd stage outcomes, carried out in ISO/KGH by blood drape which is a disposable, conical, graduated plastic collection bag. In the study group of 300 patients, mean age in syntometrine group is 24.3yrs. The mean age in oxytocin group is 24.6yrs. In syntometrine group, 62.7% were primigravida & 37.3% were multigravida. In oxytocin group, 60% were primigravida & 40% were multigravida. In present study, 48% of cases in syntometrine group & 51.3% of cases in oxytocin group were belonged to class 4 socioeconomic status. 52% of cases in syntometrine group & 48.7% of cases in oxytocin group were belonged to class 5 socioeconomic status. All 300 patients in our study were booked. In the present study, 64% of cases in syntometrine group & 36% of cases in oxytocin group had spontaneous onset of labor. Most of the patients were delivered by Labor natural with episiotomy (62%). The mean duration of 3rd stage of labor was 11.86minutes in syntometrine group & 11.74minutes in oxytocin group. The mean blood loss in syntometrine group was 120ml & oxytocin was 171ml. 97.3% of cases in syntometrine group had blood loss between 100-150ml & 96% of cases in oxytocin group had blood loss between 150-200ml. The mean birth weight of the baby was 3.1kg in both groups. In the present study,none of the case in oxytocin group & 3.3% of cases in syntometrine group developed side effects like nausea & vomiting. None of the case in syntometrine group & 2% of cases in oxytocin group were given blood transfusion. 2% of cases in oxytocin group & none of the case in syntometrine group had a drop in hemoglobin level. CONCLUSION: Postpartum hemorrhage is a common and serious complication of third stage of labor resulting in anemia and inceased morbidity in puerperium. Routine active management is superior to expectant management in terms of blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage and other serious complications of third stage of labor. Active management should be the routine management of choice for women expecting to deliver a baby by vaginal route in a health care facility. The components of active management of 3rd stage includes giving oxytocics within 1 minute of birth of newborn, clamping and cutting of umbilical cord soon after birth, placental delivery by controlled cord traction with simultaneous counter traction to the uterine fundus. The choice of drug depends on cost, facilities for storage and refrigeration, availability of trained personnel and assessment of trade-off between benefits and side effects. Ergometrine and oxytocin have been used for a long time in markedly different doses and routes of administration with varying success. The use of syntometrine as part of routine AMTSL appears to be associated with a statistically significant reduction in mean blood loss when compared to oxytocin

Sound art: discourses of definition in the contemporary artworld

PhD ThesisSince the turn of the millennium, the term ‘sound art’ has gained increasing prominence while generating persistent discussion and debate. This study explores questions surrounding the definition of sound art through an analysis of these discourses. It also applies a Foucauldian notion of discourse to the concept of genre in order to promote a non-essentialist definition of sound art that is pursued through a project of clarification rather than classification. The research draws from a wide range of sources, from online symposia, magazine articles and publications to art exhibitions and their materials, to expose some of the conflicting and convergent representations of sound art within the artworld. Critical analysis of key ideas and themes identified in this source material is supported through reference to the history and theory of art and music as well as genre and culture. Sound art is an ambiguous and mutable concept that shares concerns with other forms such as experimental music and sonic art but has also developed specific generic meaning. Despite an apparent reluctance to define sound art, the category plays an active and important role within the institutions, industries and academies of the artworld. High-profile survey exhibitions such as Sonic Boom (Hayward Gallery, London, 2000) and Volume (MoMA PS1, New York, 2000) have been a major contributing factor to the growth but also uncertainty of sound art’s discourse due to their idiosyncratic and inconsistent representations of the genre and the ways in which sound challenges artistic traditions of display. They also highlight ideological tensions relating to the categorisation of contemporary art in postmodernity, which is rooted in modernist concepts of media, in showing how sound art simultaneously invites and resists definition. Sound art is typically concerned with issues of sound, space and perception. There are many competing interpretations of these definitional ideas, however, arising from a simultaneous association with and differentiation from the traditions of music and the visual arts. The ensuing institutional battle of territories and phenomenological battle of the senses pulls towards and away from the visual respectively. This unique cluster of tensions underpins the discourse of sound art and affords a categorical porosity and liminality that ultimately characterise it. Issues of definition are therefore central to the identity of sound art. An in-depth understanding of the ontological debates and dialectics within its discourse not only draws attention to sound art as a conceptual, philosophical and material exploration of artistic and human experience but also exposes the way in which the arts evolve and artistic meaning is created to provide an insight into the very nature and value of art itself.AHR