Early and extended erythropoietin monotherapy after hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy:a multicentre double-blind pilot randomised controlled trial

Objective: To examine the feasibility of early and extended erythropoietin monotherapy after hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Design: Double-blind pilot randomised controlled trial.Setting: Eight neonatal units in South Asia. Patients: Neonates (≥36 weeks) with moderate or severe HIE admitted between 31 December 2022 and 3 May 2023. Interventions: Erythropoietin (500 U/kg daily) or to the placebo (sham injections using a screen) within 6 hours of birth and continued for 9 days. MRI at 2 weeks of age. Main outcomes and measures: Feasibility of randomisation, drug administration and assessment of brain injury using MRI. Results: Of the 154 neonates screened, 56 were eligible; 6 declined consent and 50 were recruited; 43 (86%) were inborn. Mean (SD) age at first dose was 4.4 (1.2) hours in erythropoietin and 4.1 (1.0) hours in placebo. Overall mortality at hospital discharge occurred in 5 (19%) vs 11 (46%) (p=0.06), and 3 (13%) vs 9 (40.9%) (p=0.04) among those with moderate encephalopathy in the erythropoietin and placebo groups. Moderate or severe injury to basal ganglia, white matter and cortex occurred in 5 (25%) vs 5 (38.5%); 14 (70%) vs 11 (85%); and 6 (30%) vs 2 (15.4%) in the erythropoietin and placebo group, respectively. Sinus venous thrombosis was seen in two (10%) neonates in the erythropoietin group and none in the control group. Conclusions: Brain injury and mortality after moderate or severe HIE are high in South Asia. Evaluation of erythropoietin monotherapy using MRI to examine treatment effects is feasible in these settings. Trial registration number: NCT05395195

A Simple and Green Protocol for the Synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Using 11-Molybdo-1-vanado phosphoric Acid as a Catalyst Under Ultrasound Irradiation

A one-pot three-component reaction of ethyl acetoacetate, aldehydes and urea has efficiently been carried out in the presence of 11-molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid in ethanol at room temperature under ultrasound irradiation to form the corresponding 3,4-dihydropyrimidin 2(1H)-ones in high yields. The 11-molybdo-1-vanadophosphoric acid (H4PMo11V1O40) was prepared and characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, TG-DTA analysis and XRD analysis techniques. The presence of Keggin structure and incorporation of vanadium into the Keggin structure of synthesized H4PMo11V1O40 catalyst was confirmed by FT-IR and powder XRD analysis techniques. TG-DTA analysis results indicated that H4PMo11V1O40 catalyst was thermally stable up to the temperature 434 °C. The present catalytic system is recyclable and can be reused without greater loss of reactivity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v11i5.1423   </p

Envirocat EPZG Mediated Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrano[c]chromene Derivatives Under Microwave Irradiation in Solvent-free Conditions

A Envirocat EPZG mediated method is developed for the synthesis of 3,4‐dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivatives under microwave irradiation by three component cyclocondensation of 4‐hydroxycoumarin, malononitrile and aromatic aldehydes. The process has been carried out under solvent-free conditions in the presence of very small amount of Envirocat EPZG. Use of ecofriendly readily available catalyst and green reaction media makes this methodology simple, safe, and cost effective. Mild reaction conditions, easy workup procedure, excellent yields and short reaction times are some remarkable features of this work. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i1.1517 </p

Alkylation of enaminothiones: what causes the observed stereoselectivity?

Alkylation of the enaminothiones 1 and 5 in the presence of base leads to the products 2 and 6 with preponderant or exclusive Z- configuration about the C=C. Acid catalysed equilibration of 2 leads to a mixture in which the E- isomer predominates, whereas in the case of 6, the Z- form appears to be the thermodynamically favoured one

STUDY OF A SECURE AND PRIVACY-PRESERVING OPPORTUNISTIC COMPUTING FRAMEWORK FOR MOBILE-HEALTHCARE EMERGENCY

With the pervasiveness of smart phones and the advance of wireless body sensor networks (BSNs), mobile Healthcare (m-Healthcare), which extends the operation of Healthcare provider into a pervasive environment for better health monitoring, has attracted considerable interest recently. However, the flourish of m-Healthcare still faces many challenges including information security and privacy preservation. In this paper, we propose a secure and privacy-preserving opportunistic computing framework, called SPOC, for m-Healthcare emergency. With SPOC, smart phone resources including computing power and energy can be opportunistically gathered to process the computing-intensive personal health information (PHI) during m-Healthcare emergency with minimal privacy disclosure. In specific, to leverage the PHI privacy disclosure and the high reliability of PHI process and transmission in m-Healthcare emergency, we introduce an efficient user-centric privacy access control in SPOC framework, which is based on an attribute-based access control and a new privacy-preserving scalar product computation (PPSPC) technique, and allows a medical user to decide who can participate in the opportunistic computing to assist in processing his overwhelming PHI data. Detailed security analysis shows that the proposed SPOC framework can efficiently achieve user-centric privacy access control in m-Healthcare emergency. In addition, performance evaluations via extensive simulations demonstrate the SPOC’s effectiveness in term of providing high-reliable-PHI process and transmission while minimizing the privacy disclosure during m-Healthcare emergency

Evaluation of bone loss around dental implants in smokers and nonsmokers

Introduction: Dental implants are used to replace missing teeth. Smoking tobacco is considered as risk factor in implant success rate. Materials and method: In present study 50 patients were divided into equal two groups: Group I with smokers and Group II with nonsmokers. After considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, implant was placed by slandered aseptic procedure in both the groups. The success of implant was assessed clinically for mobility f implant and radiographically for marginal bone loss at 3, 6 and 9 months after implant placement. The difference in the parameters at each recall interval was examined and recorded. The obtained data for both the groups were statistically analyzed. Results: There was marginal loss around dental implant and implant mobility was observed in smoker at 3,6 and 9 months. The finding was statistically significant in group I. Conclusion: There is definite correlation of smoking on failure of dental implants

Cell Type Specific CAG Repeat Expansions and Toxicity of Mutant Huntingtin in Human Striatum and Cerebellum

Brain region-specific degeneration and somatic expansions of the mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) CAG tract are key features of Huntington’s disease (HD). However, the relationships between CAG expansions, death of specific cell types, and molecular events associated with these processes are not established. Here we employed fluorescence-activated nuclear sorting (FANS) and deep molecular profiling to gain insight into the properties of cell types of the human striatum and cerebellum in HD and control donors. CAG expansions arise in striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) and cholinergic interneurons, in cerebellar Purkinje neurons, and at mATXN3 in MSNs from SCA3 donors. CAG expansions in MSNs are associated with higher levels of MSH2 and MSH3 (forming MutSβ), which can inhibit nucleolytic excision of CAG slip-outs by FAN1 in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data indicate that ongoing CAG expansions are not sufficient for cell death, and identify transcriptional changes associated with somatic CAG expansions and striatal toxicity