295 research outputs found
Statistical Significance of spectral lag transition in GRB 160625B
Recently Wei et al (arXiv:1612.09425) have found evidence for a transition
from positive time lags to negative time lags in the spectral lag data of GRB
160625B. They have fit these observed lags to a sum of two components: an
assumed functional form for intrinsic time lag due to astrophysical mechanisms
and an energy-dependent speed of light due to quadratic and linear Loren tz
invariance violation (LIV) models. Here, we examine the statistical
significance of the evidence for a transition to nega tive time lags. Such a
transition, even if present in GRB 160625B, cannot be due to an energy
dependent speed of light as th is would contradict previous limits by some 3-4
orders of magnitude, and must therefore be of intrinsic astrophysical origin .
We use three different model comparison techniques: a frequentist test and two
information based criteria (AIC and BIC). From the frequentist model comparison
test, we find that the evidence for transition in the spectral lag data is
favored at and for the linear and quadratic models
respectively. We find that AIC and BIC have values 10
for the spectral lag transition that was motivated as being due to quadratic
Lorentz invariance vio lating model pointing to "decisive evidence". We note
however that none of the three models (including the model of intr insic
astrophysical emission) provide a good fit to the data.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Non-Gaussian Error Distributions of Galactic Rotation Speed Measurements
We construct the error distributions for the galactic rotation speed
() using 137 data points from measurements compiled in De Grijs et
al. (arXiv:1709.02501), with all observations normalized to the galactocentric
distance of 8.3 kpc. We then checked (using the same procedures as in works by
Ratra et al) if the errors constructed using the weighted mean and the median
as the estimate, obey Gaussian statistics. We find using both these estimates
that they have much wider tails than a Gaussian distribution. We also tried to
fit the data to three other distributions: Cauchy, double-exponential, and
Students-t. The best fit is obtained using the Students- distribution for
using the median value as the central estimate, corresponding to a
-value of 0.1. We also calculate the median value of using all
the data as well as using the median of each set of measurements based on the
tracer population used. Because of the non-gaussianity of the residuals, we
point out that the subgroup median value, given by km/sec
should be used as the central estimate for .Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Bound on the graviton mass from Chandra X-ray cluster sample
We present new limits on the graviton mass using a sample of 12 relaxed
galaxy clusters, for which temperature and gas density profiles were derived by
Vikhlinin et al (astro-ph/0507092) using Chandra X-ray observations. These
limits can be converted to a bound on the graviton mass, assuming a non-zero
graviton mass would lead to a Yukawa potential at these scales. For this
purpose, we first calculate the total dynamical mass from the hydrostatic
equilibrium equation in Yukawa gravity and then compare it with the
corresponding mass in Newtonian gravity. We calculate a 90 % c.l. lower/upper
limit on the graviton Compton wavelength/ mass for each of the 12 clusters in
the sample. The best limit is obtained for Abell 2390, corresponding to
km or eV. This is
the first proof of principles demonstration of setting a limit on the graviton
mass using a sample of related galaxy clusters with X-ray measurements and can
be easily applied to upcoming X-ray surveys such as eRosita.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur
Separation of pulsar signals from noise with supervised machine learning algorithms
We evaluate the performance of four different machine learning (ML)
algorithms: an Artificial Neural Network Multi-Layer Perceptron (ANN MLP ),
Adaboost, Gradient Boosting Classifier (GBC), XGBoost, for the separation of
pulsars from radio frequency interference (RFI) and other sources of noise,
using a dataset obtained from the post-processing of a pulsar search pi peline.
This dataset was previously used for cross-validation of the SPINN-based
machine learning engine, used for the reprocessing of HTRU-S survey data
arXiv:1406.3627. We have used Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique
(SMOTE) to deal with high class imbalance in the dataset. We report a variety
of quality scores from all four of these algorithms on both the non-SMOTE and
SMOTE datasets. For all the above ML methods, we report high accuracy and
G-mean in both the non-SMOTE and SMOTE cases. We study the feature importances
using Adaboost, GBC, and XGBoost and also from the minimum Redundancy Maximum
Relevance approach to report algorithm-agnostic feature ranking. From these
methods, we find that the signal to noise of the folded profile to be the best
feature. We find that all the ML algorithms report FPRs about an order of
magnitude lower than the corresponding FPRs obtained in arXiv:1406.3627, for
the same recall value.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and
Computin
Generalized Lomb-Scargle analysis of decay rate measurements from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt
We apply the generalized Lomb-Scargle (LS) periodogram to independently
confirm the claim by Sturrock et al (arXiv:1605.03088) of oscillation at a
frequency of 11/year in the decay rates of from
measurements at the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), which however
has been disputed by Kossert and Nahle (arXiv:1407.2493). For this analysis, we
made two different {\it ansatze} for the errors. For each peak in the LS
periodogram, we evaluate the statistical significance using non-parametric
bootstrap resampling. We find using both of these error models evidence for
~11/year periodicity in the data for two of the three
samples, but at a lower significance than that claimed by Sturrock et al.Comment: 9 pages, 9 figure
Classifying Exoplanets with Gaussian Mixture Model
Recently, Odrzywolek and Rafelski (arXiv:1612.03556) have found three
distinct categories of exoplanets, when they are classified based on density.
We first carry out a similar classification of exoplanets according to their
density using the Gaussian Mixture Model, followed by information theoretic
criterion (AIC and BIC) to determine the optimum number of components. Such a
one-dimensional classification favors two components using AIC and three using
BIC, but the statistical significance from both the tests is not significant
enough to decisively pick the best model between two and three components. We
then extend this GMM-based classification to two dimensions by using both the
density and the Earth similarity index (arXiv:1702.03678), which is a measure
of how similar each planet is compared to the Earth. For this two-dimensional
classification, both AIC and BIC provide decisive evidence in favor of three
components.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure
Galactic Shapiro Delay to the Crab Pulsar and limit on Einstein's Equivalence Principle Violation
We calculate the total galactic Shapiro delay to the Crab pulsar by including
the contributions from the dark matter as well as baryonic matter along the
line of sight. The total delay due to dark matter potential is about 3.4 days.
For baryonic matter, we included the contributions from both the bulge and the
disk, which are approximately 0.12 and 0.32 days respectively. The total delay
from all the matter distribution is therefore 3.84 days. We also calculate the
limit on violations of Einstein's equivalence principle by using observations
of "nano-shot" giant pulses from the Crab pulsar with time-delay ~ns as
well as using time differences between radio and optical photons observed from
this pulsar. Using the former, we obtain a limit on violation of Einstein's
equivalence principle in terms of the PPN parameter . From the time-difference between simultaneous optical and radio
observations, we get . We also point out
differences in our calculation of Shapiro delay and that from two recent papers
(arXiv:1612.00717 and arXiv:1608.07657), which used the same observations to
obtain a corresponding limit on .Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. Journal
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