Alzheimer\u27s Disease and Down\u27s Syndrome: An Overview

The association between Alzheimer\u27s Disease and Down\u27s Syndrome is well recognized through clinical observations and genetic studies. However, the exact nature and the implications of this link is far from clear as yet. The challenge of diagnosis, genetics and the differences in clinical presentations of Alzheimer\u27s Disease in relation to the Down\u27s Syndrome are reviewed here. Promising areas of research are pointed out and importance of relevant family history is emphasized. A current knowledge in the subject through various studies is presented

Statistical Significance of spectral lag transition in GRB 160625B

Recently Wei et al (arXiv:1612.09425) have found evidence for a transition from positive time lags to negative time lags in the spectral lag data of GRB 160625B. They have fit these observed lags to a sum of two components: an assumed functional form for intrinsic time lag due to astrophysical mechanisms and an energy-dependent speed of light due to quadratic and linear Loren tz invariance violation (LIV) models. Here, we examine the statistical significance of the evidence for a transition to nega tive time lags. Such a transition, even if present in GRB 160625B, cannot be due to an energy dependent speed of light as th is would contradict previous limits by some 3-4 orders of magnitude, and must therefore be of intrinsic astrophysical origin . We use three different model comparison techniques: a frequentist test and two information based criteria (AIC and BIC). From the frequentist model comparison test, we find that the evidence for transition in the spectral lag data is favored at $3.05\sigma$ and $3.74\sigma$ for the linear and quadratic models respectively. We find that $\Delta$AIC and $\Delta$BIC have values $\gtrsim$ 10 for the spectral lag transition that was motivated as being due to quadratic Lorentz invariance vio lating model pointing to "decisive evidence". We note however that none of the three models (including the model of intr insic astrophysical emission) provide a good fit to the data.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figur