22,502 research outputs found
Constraints on spin-dependent parton distributions at large x from global QCD analysis
We investigate the behavior of spin-dependent parton distribution functions
(PDFs) at large parton momentum fractions x in the context of global QCD
analysis. We explore the constraints from existing deep-inelastic scattering
data, and from theoretical expectations for the leading x -> 1 behavior based
on hard gluon exchange in perturbative QCD. Systematic uncertainties from the
dependence of the PDFs on the choice of parametrization are studied by
considering functional forms motivated by orbital angular momentum arguments.
Finally, we quantify the reduction in the PDF uncertainties that may be
expected from future high-x data from Jefferson Lab at 12 GeV.Comment: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 tabl
The Effects of Acute Stress Exposure on Neural Correlates of Pavlovian Conditioning with Monetary Gains and Losses
Pavlovian conditioning involves the association of an inherently neutral stimulus with an appetitive or aversive outcome, such that the neutral stimulus itself acquires reinforcing properties. Across species, this type of learning has been shown to involve subcortical brain regions such as the striatum and the amygdala. It is less clear, however, how the neural circuitry involved in the acquisition of Pavlovian contingencies in humans, particularly in the striatum, is affected by acute stress. In the current study, we investigate the effect of acute stress exposure on Pavlovian conditioning using monetary reinforcers. Participants underwent a partial reinforcement conditioning procedure in which neutral stimuli were paired with high and low magnitude monetary gains and losses. A between-subjects design was used, such that half of the participants were exposed to cold stress while the remaining participants were exposed to a no stress control procedure. Cortisol measurements and subjective ratings were used as measures of stress. We observed an interaction between stress, valence, and magnitude in the ventral striatum, with the peak in the putamen. More specifically, the stress group exhibited an increased sensitivity to magnitude in the gain domain. This effect was driven by those participants who experienced a larger increase in circulating cortisol levels in response to the stress manipulation. Taken together, these results suggest that acute stress can lead to individual differences in circulating cortisol levels which influence the striatum during Pavlovian conditioning with monetary reinforcers
Optimal Resources for Topological 2D Stabilizer Codes: Comparative Study
We study the resources needed to construct topological 2D stabilizer codes as
a way to estimate in part their efficiency and this leads us to perform a
comparative study of surface codes and color codes. This study clarifies the
similarities and differences between these two types of stabilizer codes. We
compute the error correcting rate for surface codes and color
codes in several instances. On the torus, typical values are and
, but we find that the optimal values are and . For
planar codes, a typical value is , while we find that the optimal values
are and . In general, a color code encodes twice as much
logical qubits as a surface code does.Comment: revtex, 6 pages, 7 figure
Entanglement Distillation Protocols and Number Theory
We show that the analysis of entanglement distillation protocols for qudits
of arbitrary dimension benefits from applying basic concepts from number
theory, since the set \zdn associated to Bell diagonal states is a module
rather than a vector space. We find that a partition of \zdn into divisor
classes characterizes the invariant properties of mixed Bell diagonal states
under local permutations. We construct a very general class of recursion
protocols by means of unitary operations implementing these local permutations.
We study these distillation protocols depending on whether we use twirling
operations in the intermediate steps or not, and we study them both
analitically and numerically with Monte Carlo methods. In the absence of
twirling operations, we construct extensions of the quantum privacy algorithms
valid for secure communications with qudits of any dimension . When is a
prime number, we show that distillation protocols are optimal both
qualitatively and quantitatively.Comment: REVTEX4 file, 7 color figures, 2 table
Topological Computation without Braiding
We show that universal quantum computation can be performed within the ground
state of a topologically ordered quantum system, which is a naturally protected
quantum memory. In particular, we show how this can be achieved using brane-net
condensates in 3-colexes. The universal set of gates is implemented without
selective addressing of physical qubits and, being fully topologically
protected, it does not rely on quasiparticle excitations or their braiding.Comment: revtex4, 4 pages, 4 figure
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