Twitter dans un contexte académique

Twitter dans un contexte académiqu

Utiliser les réseaux sociaux pour booster sa communication scientifique... Réelle opportunité ou utopie ?

L'écosystème de la publication scientifique" évolue. De nouvelles formes de communication se développent. L'évolution n'est pas seulement technologique mais aussi culturelle. Quels sont les principaux outils à disposition des chercheurs (blogs, microblogging, réseaux scientifiques...), leurs atouts et leurs limites, comment sont-ils utilisés par les scientifiques, quelle stratégie de communication adopter

Remarkable predominance of a small number of genotypes in greenhouse populations of Botrytis cinerea

Although Botrytis cinerea is known for its ability to produce high amounts of spores on diseased plants, enabling it to complete rapidly numerous developmental cycles in favorable environments, population genetics studies of this fungus indicate enormous diversity and limited clonal spread. Here, we report an exception to this situation in the settings of commercial tomato greenhouses. The genotypic characterization of 712 isolates collected from the air and from diseased plants, following the development of gray mould epidemics in four greenhouses in Southern France, revealed the presence of a few predominant genotypes in a background of highly diverse populations. The comparison of genotypic profiles for isolates collected in the air or on the plants was compatible with the entry in the greenhouse of substantial amounts of inoculum from the outside environment, but it also highlighted the importance of secondary inoculum produced within the crop. The overall results of this work suggest that sporulation could be thus an important target for disease management strategies in the greenhouse

Biological control of grey mould of tomato

Grey mould, incited by Botrytis cinerea, is the cause of serious losses in tomato grown under greenhouse conditions in the mediterranean area. During the past three years, attempts at controlling the disease have been made, in Northen Italy (Liguria) and Southern France (Provence) in two areas important for the production of tomato by applying microorganisms selected for their antagonistic activity against B. cinerea. In Italy, two strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar 5, (the wild type selected in France and a rifamycin resistant mutant), four strains of Trichoderma harzianum, applied as a mixture and two strains of Candida pulcherrima were tested and compared with chemical fungicides for their efficacy to protect the fruits. In France, the aim was to protect pruning wounds to avoid the development of stem lesions, the most devastating grey mould symptom in heated glasshouses. Six trials were conducted to test the efficiency of three microorganisms (a strain of P. fluorescens biovar 5, an enteric bacterium and a strain of Fusarium sp.) in experimental greenhouses with cultural practices as close as possible to a commercial situation. In the last four experiments, these three biocontrol agents were compared to a fungicide and to a strain of T. harzianum selected in Italy.[br/][br/] In Italy, all the tested biocontrols agents, applied as foliar sprays, did significantly reduced disease incidence, in the presence of an infection of average severity. The best results have been shown by the strain of Pseudomonas resistant to ryfamycin. Significant similar results were provided by the wild type and by the the two strains of Candida. Trichoderma provided a still significant but lower disease control. The good activity shown by the tested biocontrol agents can be explained with their good survival capability in the phylloplane.[br/][br/] In France, P. fluorescens, the enteric bacterium and Fusarium sp. succeeded to reduce the percentage of stem lesions on the tomato plants during all growing seasons in experimental conditions very conducive to B. cinerea. Protection indices as high as 81% were obtained. The efficacy of T. harzianum was quite similar to this of the three previous biological agents. However, the best protection was obtained with the fungicide, in this case diethofencarb and carbendazim. A study of the survival of these microorganisms showed that they were able to persist on the petiole stubs where they were applied. One month after inoculation, their population was at a level similar to that on the day of inoculation