Polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée par des complexes de cobalt (CMRP) : Mécanismes et ingénierie macromoléculaire.

De nos jours, les avancées dans de nombreux domaines technologiques sont conditionnées par le développement de matériaux polymères possédant des structures et propriétés bien définies. Dans ce contexte, nous développons une méthode de polymérisation radicalaire contrôlée assistée par des complexes de cobalt(II) (CMRP) et basée sur la désactivation temporaire des chaînes radicalaires par le métal. Outre le mécanisme de la CMRP, nous aborderons son potentiel en ingénierie macromoléculaire, notamment pour la synthèse de copolymères séquencés et la fonctionnalisation des polymères en tirant profit de la réactivité spécifique des composés organométalliques qui coiffent les chaînes. Les résultats obtenus à l’aide de complexes de cobalt seront mis en perspective avec des études mettant en jeu d’autres métaux (Ti, V, Cr)

Polymers from renewable resources for macromolecular engineering - overview of polysaccharides

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Cobalt mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) using bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II): a unique tool for controlling the radical polymerization of conjugated and unconjugated vinyl monomers

Cobalt-Mediated Radical Polymerization (CMRP) imparts a high level of control on the polymerization of acrylic and vinylic esters, acrylic acid and acrylonitrile. However, each class of monomers appears to be controlled by one class of cobalt complexes. For example, the polymerization of acrylates and acrylic acid is mediated by cobalt porphyrin complexes while vinyl acetate (VAc) and acrylonitrile are efficiently controlled by bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) (Co(acac)2). Therefore, a challenging issue in CMRP remains to broaden the range of monomers that can be controlled by the same cobalt complex. Recently, the controlled random copolymerization of butyl acrylate (BuA) with VAc was performed using the conventional V-70/Co(acac)2 CMRP system, but the homopolymerization of BuA remained uncontrolled. In this work, we used a new alkylcobalt(III) adduct to initiate and control the copolymerization of BuA with VAc. This achievement resulted in a significant improvement over the V-70/Co(acac)2 pair regarding the molecular weight control and the polydispersity indexes. Moreover, for the first time, the alkylcobalt(III) adduct was also efficient in controlling the homopolymerization of BuA and yielded low polydispersity PBuA even in the absence of VAc. These results indicate that Co(acac)2 is a versatile mediator for the CMRP of both unconjugated vinyl monomers (VAc, N-vinylpyrrolidone) and conjugated monomers such as acrylates. It gives access to copolymers that cannot be prepared by other controlled radical polymerization techniques

Design of mesoporous carbon fibers from a poly(acrylonitrile) based block copolymer by a simple templating compression moulding process

Mesoporous carbon fibers were prepared by controlled pyrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(acrylonitrile) (PVAc-b-PAN) copolymer located inside a cylindrical nanoporous template. A melt-compression method was developed to help the penetration of the infusible copolymer inside the template without the use of any solvent that ensures the formation of completely filled fibers instead of nanotubes. The influence of the composition of the PVAc-b-PAN copolymer and the heating rate during pyrolysis on the porous morphology of the fibers was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Combination of lipase catalysis and thiol-Michael addition for the synthesis of carbohydrate esters used as stabilizers in supercritical carbon dioxide emulsions

The use of aqueous dispersed media, such as emulsions and miniemulsions, has many advantages over solution processes for chemical transformations and polymerization reactions, i.e. limited environmental impact, ease of products recovery and increased reaction rate. Although, dispersed media are usually implemented from water/solvent mixtures, supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) (Pc =74 bars; Tc = 31°C) constitutes an interesting alternative to the traditional organic solvents because it is inexpensive, non-toxic, non-flammable and environmentally friendlier. In this context, we develop a novel class of surface active compounds able to stabilize water/scCO2 emulsions, i.e. fluorinated modified carbohydrates. The hydrophilic head of the surfactant consists in a sugar moiety whereas the fluorinated tail has a strong affinity for the scCO2 phase. These carbohydrate esters are prepared by a two-step strategy which takes advantage of the selectivity of enzymatic catalysis and the versatility of the thiol-Michael addition reaction. The new thiolated mannose intermediate is a useful building block for the incorporation of unprotected sugar moieties into complex molecules. The surface active properties of the fluorinated derivatives have been evaluated as well as their use as stabilizers for the preparation of microparticles and highly porous polymer materials in scCO2

Novel polyvinylpyrrolidone-based lipoplex modifiers for siRNA delivery

The abstract is provided as supporting informatio