Daylighting and Urban Form: An Urban Fabric of Light

This article attempts to answer the question, What would the form of the city be like if we were to take seriously the provision of daylight to all buildings? Previous work by this author reviewed existing daylight planning tools and found that they do not assure a predictable level of daylight. Previous work also identified an empirical relationship between daylight levels inside buildings and the street canyon ratios--the Daylight Access Rule--as an objective basis for establishing development guidelines. This study identifies the important parameters available to designers and regulators that are necessary for urban daylighting. The results of the new Daylight Access Rule, along with Atrium Building type studies, are used to establish urban patterns of Atrium Blocks and Daylight Envelopes that support daylighting as an urban design strategy. Beyond defining the patterns of building massing, such that one building will not unduly block the access of another building to light from the sky, urban form can be generated from a consideration of daylit building forms used as increments for determining block sizes. An example application to downtown Chattanooga, Tennessee, is explored to evaluate existing development patters and to propose alternatives to better support daylighting

Schemi per la progettazione esperienziale : combinare pensiero modulare e teoria integrale = EXPERIENTIAL DESIGN SCHEMAS : combining modular thinking with integral theory

Certain aspects of the concept of modularity, introduced primarily in the field of computer science by David L. Parnas (1972), have formed the basis for modularity in education: cohesion, decoupling, ease of modification, replicability are characteristics of the computer module that also apply well to the educational context. It is with this pedagogical attitude related to the modular didactic system that Experiential Design Schemas was born, a work methodologically related to integral theory by Ken Wilber (2007) and applied to architecture through an important section of design schemes. Also organised with a practice intention, the aim is to provide analytical and design tools that outline the capacity of formal and compositional choices to shape environmental forces for the purpose of experiential and emotional effects

Experiential design schemas – Combining modular thinking with integral theory

Certain aspects of the concept of modularity, introduced primarily in the field of computer science by David L. Parnas (1972), have formed the basis for modularity in education: cohesion, decoupling, ease of modification, replicability are characteristics of the computer module that also apply well to the educational context. It is with this pedagogical attitude related to the modular didactic system that Experiential Design Schemas was born, a work methodologically related to integral theory by Ken Wilber (2007) and applied to architecture through an important section of design schemes. Also organised with a practice intention, the aim is to provide analytical and design tools that outline the capacity of formal and compositional choices to shape environmental forces for the purpose of experiential and emotional effects.   Article info Received: 24/10/2023; Revised: 31/10/2023; Accepted: 04/11/2023       

The Art of War: Battles Won and Wars Lost

Sun Tzu is one of the most influential military figures of all time; his treatise The Art of War provides the framework for waging an effective war. War is much more than a game of numbers or pawns on a board, Sun Tzu identifies the underlying factors that determine the outcome of every war, past or present. Follow The Art of War and victory is ensured, but if you ignore Sun Tzu defeat is inevitable. Many wars throughout history are proof of this statement, but there is no greater example than America\u27s defeat in Vietnam. Despite having a much more powerful and well equipped military the United States was defeated in Vietnam because the Viet Cong followed the teachings outlined in Sun Tzu\u27s The Art of War

Performance Specifications for the Design and Manufacture of Energy Efficient Housing in the 21st Century

10 pagesThis paper reports on work in progress in 'Design for Energy Efficiency', one of fifteen task areas of the U.S. Department of Energy sponsored Energy Efficient Industrialized Housing research program. In this task, design studies establish performance goals for systems and technologies leading to energy efficient housing in the year 2030. Methods and results of work in progress are summarized, emphasizing areas where principles of design, engineering and manufacturing have converged to realize program goals of energy performance, economy and design quality.U.S. Department of Energ

Design and Technology for Energy Efficiency in Housing - 2030

25 pagesThis paper reports on method and results of 'Design for Energy Efficiency', a design and technology task area of the Energy Efficient Industrialized Housing research program - a project jointly based in institutions of architecture, energy research and industrial engineering. The paper presents a research method through which design studies were systematically developed to establish a vision and quantifiable goals for energy efficient housing in the year 2030. Problem definition, design, and performance specification phases of this task are summarized, emphasizing areas where principles of design and technology have converged to realize high standards of economy, energy performance and quality in housing. Goals of 'zero net energy use' and 'zero net cost increase' were established for specification phases of the task

Are medical treatments for individuals and groups like single-play and multiple-play gambles?

People are often more likely to accept risky monetary gambles with positive expected values when the gambles will be played more than once. We investigated whether this distinction between single-play and multiple-play gambles extends to medical treatments for individual patients and groups of patients. Resident physicians and medical students (extit{n} = 69) and undergraduates (extit{n} = 99) ranked 9 different flu shots and a no-flu-shot option in 1 of 4 combinations of perspective (individual patient vs. group of 1000 patients) and uncertainty frame (probability vs. frequency). The rank of the no-flu-shot option (a measure of preference for treatment vs. no treatment) was not significantly related to perspective or participant population. The main effect of uncertainty frame and the interaction between perspective and uncertainty frame approached significance (0.1 {extgreater} extit{p} {extgreater} 0.05), with the no-flu-shot option faring particularly poorly (treatment faring particularly well) when decisions about many patients were based on frequency information. Undergraduate participants believed that the no-flu-shot option would be less attractive (treatment would be more attractive) in decisions about many patients, but these intuitions were inconsistent with the actual ranks. These results and those of other studies suggest that medical treatments for individuals and groups are not analogous to single-play and multiple-play monetary gambles, perhaps because many people are unwilling to aggregate treatment outcomes over patients in the same way that they would compute net gains or losses over monetary gambles