Electrifying car brands: Taking brands into consideration in the idea generation phase

The separation between the field of marketing strategy and marketing action (creating new products) is longstanding. Still, product development may become a key element for branding because it serves as a cohesive factor for all elements that configure brand personality and experience. This paper investigates the effect of introducing different ideas for emotional electric car designs as extensions of existing car brands that differ with respect to brand personalities and brand experiences. Students from the first master class collaborated in a 6 steps experimental research leading up to a main experiment in which the interaction between existing car brand personalities and experiences and different types of emotional electric car design propositions is studied. Drawing upon schema and categorization theory, the effect of the fit between existing car brand images in terms of personality and experiential associations on the one hand, and a new electric car model extension on the other, are investigated. The result of this exercise is a design briefing that offers an input for a product designer to create different concept cards for the branded cars.Product Innovation ManagementIndustrial Design Engineerin

Corrosion Performance of Carbon Steel in Micelle-containing Cement Extract

This study presents the results from a preliminary investigation on the corrosion behavior of low carbon steel in cement extract (CE) in the presence of very low concentration polymeric nanoaggregates (PEO113-b-PS70 micelles). The steel electrodes were investigated in Cl--containing CE as corrosion medium, compared to chloride-free CE as a reference case. The results from the electrochemical measurements (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Potentio-dynamic Polarization (PDP)) indicate that the presence of micelles leads to increased corrosion resistance of the steel, but pronounced only at early stages (1h and 3h), whereas no significant influence was observed within longer immersion periods (5d). To some extent, this result was as expected, considering the used low concentration of micelles for this test. The surface analysis however, shows that the presence of the micelles in the cement extract, results in a more homogeneous and compact layer on the steel surface, compared to the steel immersed in the micelles-free solutions.Design and ConstructionCivil Engineering and Geoscience

Corrosion Performance of Composite Galvanic Coatings with Variable Concentration of Polymeric Nanoaggregates and/or Cr(III) Conversion Layers

This paper reports on the corrosion performance of composite zinc layers (~ 8µm) on a steel substrate, considering the influence of nano-aggregates and Cr(III) conversion layers, compared to control (only Zn layers) conditions. The main factors, influencing the corrosion performance of Zn in this study are: a) the effect of two concentrations of polymeric nano-aggregates (0.1g/l and 0.3g/l PEO113-b-PS218 core-shell micelles in the starting electrolyte); b) the effect of Cr(III) conversion layers on both pure Zn and composite Zn layers. For most of the hereby investigated time intervals i.e. treatment in aerated 5% NaCl from 2h until 120h, the composite coatings present higher corrosion resistance, especially within longer treatment. Corrosion current densities are similar to Zn, however, anodic currents are significantly lower. After treatment in NaCl, the composite Zn coatings present a more homogenous product layer, formed as a result of the presence of the nano-aggregates. The additional Cr(III) treatment does not significantly improve the corrosion resistance of the composite coatings for the hereby investigated time intervals.Design and ConstructionCivil Engineering and Geoscience

Evaluatie sleutelprojecten: Onderzoek in opdracht van het Ministerie van VROM

In de Structuurvisie Randstad 2040 kondigt het kabinet aan om een verkenning te overwegen naar Randstad-sleutelprojecten voor de periode na 2020. Voorafgaand aan het besluit om een dergelijke verkenning daadwerkelijk te starten, wordt een evaluatieonderzoek uitgevoerd naar de eerste generatie- en tweede generatie sleutelprojecten. Een aantal daarvan is afgerond, maar de meeste zijn nog in de realisatiefase. Evaluatie van de mate van doelbereiking, de effectiviteit, de doelmatigheid en de bestuurlijke effecten van deze sleutelprojecten moet bijdragen aan de besluitvorming door het kabinet. Dit rapport doet verslag van de evaluatie van sleutelprojecten.Urban studiesOTB Research Institut

Zinc Composite Layers, Incorporating Polymeric Nano-aggregates: Surface Analysis and Electrochemical Behavior

This study reports on a comparative investigation of the corrosion behavior of zinc (Zn) and nano-composite zinc (ZnC) galvanic layers in 5% NaCl solution. The metallic matrix of the ZnC layers incorporates nano-sized, stabilized polymeric aggregates, formed from the amphiphilic tri-block co-polymer: poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) - poly (propylene oxide - poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA15PPO34PHEMA15). The main objective was to evaluate the electrochemical properties and surface characteristics of both coatings, thus further to investigate if the nano-composite layers will have better corrosion resistance, compared to pure galvanic zinc. The electrochemical behavior, investigated by Impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET), supported by surface analysis, using Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), reveals higher corrosion resistance and consequently better performance of the nano-composite layers, compared to pure galvanic zinc. The mechanism of incorporation of the polymeric nano-aggregates in the coating and their influence on the barrier properties of the composite layers are also briefly discussed.Delft University of Technolog

Impact of the Absorber-Coupling Design for Transition-Edge-Sensor X-Ray Calorimeters

Transition-edge sensors (TESs) are the selected technology for future spaceborne x-ray observatories, such as Athena, Lynx, and HUBS. These missions demand thousands of pixels to be operated simultaneously with high energy-resolving power. To reach these demanding requirements, every aspect of the TES design has to be optimized. Here we present the experimental results of tests on different devices where the coupling between the x-ray absorber and the TES is varied. In particular, we look at the effects of the diameter of the coupling stems and the distance between the stems and the TES bilayer. Based on measurements of the ac complex impedance and noise, we observe a reduction in the excess noise as the spacing between the absorber stem and the bilayer is decreased. We identify the origin of this excess noise to be internal thermal fluctuation noise between the absorber stem and the bilayer. In addition, we see an impact of the coupling on the superconducting transition in the appearance of kinks. Our observations show that these unwanted structures in the transition shape can be avoided with careful design of the coupling geometry. The stem diameter appears to have a significant effect on the smoothness of the TES transition. This observation is still poorly understood, but is of great importance for both ac and dc biased TESs.ImPhys/Optic

Harvesting Roadway Solar Energy-Performance of the Installed Infrastructure Integrated PV Bike Path

Solar road technology provides an opportunity to harvest the vast, albeit dispersed, photovoltaic (PV) energy, while maximizing the land utilization. Deriving experience from the pioneering 70-m solar bike path installed in the Netherlands, this paper highlights the operational challenges and performance parameters using the first-year measured data. The theoretically predicted energy yield is compared with the measured energy yield. Based on the best performing module, the benchmark annual energy yield is set to 85–90 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula> specific to the installation site. It is shown that this value can be bettered by about 1.5 times if different cell technology such as monocrystalline is used. With different installation sites around the world, thermal behavior as well as annual energy yield changes. Theoretical proof is offered that it is not unreasonable to expect an annual energy yield in the upwards of 150 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula> with solar road energy harvesting technology. For example, the annual yield is found to be 213 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula> if the same model is simulated for a solar road PV installation in India, which increased further with the use of monocrystalline to almost 300 kWh/m<formula><tex>$^2$</tex></formula>.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.DC systems, Energy conversion & StoragePhotovoltaic Materials and DevicesElectrical Sustainable Energ

Experimental and numerical analysis of Tm²⁺ excited-states dynamics and luminescence in CaX₂ (X = Cl, Br, I)

The prospect of using Tm2+-doped halides for luminescence solar concentrators (LSCs) requires a thorough understanding of the temperature dependent Tm2+ excited states dynamics that determines the internal quantum efficiency (QE) and thereby the efficiency of the LSC. In this study we investigated the dynamics in CaX2:Tm2+ (X = Cl, Br, I) by temperature- and time-resolved measurements. At 20 K up to four distinct Tm2+ emissions can be observed. Most of these emissions undergo quenching via multi-phonon relaxation below 100 K. At higher temperatures, only the lowest energy 5d–4f emission and the 4f–4f emission remain. Fitting a numerical rate equation model to the data shows that the subsequent quenching of the 5d–4f emission is likely to occur initially via multi-phonon relaxation, whereas at higher temperatures additional quenching via interband crossing becomes thermally activated. At room temperature only the 4f–4f emission remains and the related QE becomes close to 30%. Possible reasons for the quantum efficiency not reaching 100% are provided.RST/Luminescence MaterialsMicro-optics and OptomechatronicsApplied Science

A Blueprint for Cyber Security of Brownfield Substations in Power Systems using IEC 62443

Paper ID – 0348Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Intelligent Electrical Power Grid

Single Pixel Performance of a 32 x 32 Ti/Au TES Array With Broadband X-Ray Spectra

We are developing a kilo-pixels Ti/Au TES array as a backup option for Athena X-IFU. Here we report on single-pixel performance of a 32 × 32 array operated in a Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) readout system, with bias frequencies in the range 1-5 MHz. We have tested the pixels response at several photon energies, by means of a 55Fe radioactive source (emitting Mn-Kα at 5.9 keV) and a Modulated X-ray Source (MXS, providing Cr-Kα at 5.4 keV and Cu-Kα at 8.0 keV). First, we report the procedure used to perform the detector energy scale calibration, usually achieving a calibration accuracy better than ∼0.5 eV in the 5.4-8.9 keV energy range. Then, we present the measured energy resolution at the different energies (best single pixel performance: ΔEFWHM = 2.40 ± 0.09 eV @ 5.4 keV; 2.53 ± 0.10 eV @ 5.9 keV; 2.78 ± 0.16 eV @ 8.0 keV), investigating also the performance dependency from the pixel bias frequency and the count rate. Thanks to long background measurements (∼1 d), we finally detected also the Al-Kα line at 1.5 keV, generated by fluorescence inside the experimental setup. We analyzed this line to obtain a first assessment of the single-pixel performance also at low energy (ΔEFWHM = 1.91 eV ± 0.21 eV @ 1.5 keV), and to evaluate the linearity of the detector response in a large energy band (1.5-8.9 keV). ImPhys/Optic