IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY ON ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES ANALYSIS AFTER CORONARY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY PATIENTS

Background: The patients who have done CABG are prone to pulmonary complications. Various physiotherapy management is present for prevention of lung complication. Literature shows lots of technique as treatment of choice, incentive spirometry is one of them. AIM: To asses immediate effect of incentive spirometry on arterial blood gas analysis in patient recently underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Method: There was 30 patients. Blood was drawn from arterial line for pre-treatment ABG. Incentive spirometry was given 10 reps and 3 sets. Patient was prop up 30-40 degree. Romsons tri colour volume spirometry is used. Mouthpiece was placed in patient's mouth and made a good seal over the mouthpiece with lips. Exhaled through nose normally then breathe in slowly through mouth. Ball in the incentive spirometer will go up. The patient to hold or rise the ball as high as possible and hold it for 3 or 5 seconds the slowly exhale. This was done for 10 to 15 times. Blood was drawn from arterial line for post treatment ABG. Result: There was statistically extremely significant change in value of PaO2 (112.54 ±39.46 vs133.01 ±42.13) p value <0.0001, PaCO2 (38.75 ±4.2 vs 36.9 ±3.7) p value 0.0003 and SaO2 (96.8 ±1.84 vs 98.93 ±1.11) p value <0.0001 Conclusion: This study shows that there is immediate effect of Incentive Spirometry on ABG analysis in CABG surgery patient by significant improvement of PaO2 and SaO2 and decrease in PaCO2. Keywords: Incentive spirometry; Arterial blood gas analysis; Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

IMMEDIATE EFFECT OF INCENTIVE SPIROMETRY ON ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES ANALYSIS AFTER CORONARY BYPASS GRAFT SURGERY PATIENTS

Background: The patients who have done CABG are prone to pulmonary complications. Various physiotherapy management is present for prevention of lung complication. Literature shows lots of technique as treatment of choice, incentive spirometry is one of them. AIM: To asses immediate effect of incentive spirometry on arterial blood gas analysis in patient recently underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Method: There was 30 patients. Blood was drawn from arterial line for pre-treatment ABG. Incentive spirometry was given 10 reps and 3 sets. Patient was prop up 30-40 degree. Romsons tri colour volume spirometry is used. Mouthpiece was placed in patient\u27s mouth and made a good seal over the mouthpiece with lips. Exhaled through nose normally then breathe in slowly through mouth. Ball in the incentive spirometer will go up. The patient to hold or rise the ball as high as possible and hold it for 3 or 5 seconds the slowly exhale. This was done for 10 to 15 times. Blood was drawn from arterial line for post treatment ABG. Result: There was statistically extremely significant change in value of PaO2 (112.54 ±39.46 vs133.01 ±42.13) p value <0.0001, PaCO2 (38.75 ±4.2 vs 36.9 ±3.7) p value 0.0003 and SaO2 (96.8 ±1.84 vs 98.93 ±1.11) p value <0.0001 Conclusion: This study shows that there is immediate effect of Incentive Spirometry on ABG analysis in CABG surgery patient by significant improvement of PaO2 and SaO2 and decrease in PaCO2. Keywords: Incentive spirometry; Arterial blood gas analysis; Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

Sustainable Infrastructure Development: Integrating Environmental and Social Factors in Civil Engineering

In order to explore sustainable infrastructure development, this study uses a descriptive design, a deductive approach, as well as an interpretivist philosophy in civil engineering. The study examines the social, technical, and environmental effects as well as regulatory frameworks in the larger picture of sustainable projects using secondary data. The results show how social and environmental factors are intricately related, with a focus on community involvement, technology optimization, and the efficacy of regulations. Finding synergies and trade-offs through critical analysis informs recommendations for community-centric approaches, coordinated evaluation frameworks, and regulatory policy advancements. Prospective research demands investigating new technologies, long-term studies, as well as the socio-cultural aspects of sustainability. The study promotes resilience, inclusion, and environmental consciousness, adding to the growing conversation on sustainable civil engineering

Antidiabetic activity of Coriandrum sativum in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be defined as chronic hyperglycemia due to lack in insulin secretion and/or action. This study was designed to compare the antidiabetic activity of Coriandrum sativum L. with the standard antidiabetic drug, Metformin in Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce diabetes in the rats. Standard drug was metformin and test drug were Coriandrum sativum seed extract. 4 groups of 8 rats each were taken (normal control, diabetic control, streptozotocin + Coriandrum sativum and streptozotocin + metformin). Blood Sugar Levels (BSL) and HbA1C levels were estimated on day 0, 14 and 28 and day 28 respectively.Results: Streptozotocin administration resulted in significant rise in BSL. This rise was reduced with the administration of CS seed extract, but the reduction was more with chronic administration. It also reduced the HbA1C levels but couldn’t attain total normoglycemia. However, the reduction of BSL was superior with Metformin compared to the test drug.Conclusions: Oral administration of Coriandrum sativum seed extract at a dose of 40 mg/kg has shown antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Thus, Coriandrum sativum may have considerable therapeutic benefit as an antidiabetic agent and can be suggested as a potential dietary add on

IOT IN AGRICULTURE: PRECISION FARMING, CROP MONITORING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

The main principle of this study is to discuss the importance of IoT in the agricultural field to maintain sustainability. IoT also plays an essential part in the crop monitoring process, therefore, with the aid of this technology crop health, and growth rates have to be monitored. Therefore, farmers are also capable of identifying the potential issue that has to be faced by this organization. Literature Review: Based on the research objectives, thematic analysis is highlighted in this section. This analysis helps to understand that, real-time data on various factors like moisture of the soil, humidity, temperature, as well as crop health, has to be collected with the aid of IoT sensors. Therefore, this information helps the farmers to make decisions about the farming process. Methodology: In this study, researchers are capable of collecting data with the support of various online sources. Therefore, “theoretical analysis” helps to analyze collected data. Deep conceptual understanding is promoted by this theoretical analysis. Findings: Valuable environmentally friendly data are collected by this IoT technology. Therefore, this information has a positive impact on the fertilization-related data. On the other hand, policy decisions like climate conditions, weather patterns, and pest infections help to maintain the sustainability of the agriculture field. Discussion: Overall discussion about this selected topic is highlighted in this section. Therefore, this section helps to understand that, IoT technology helps to monitor the crop health, and growth rates. Therefore, farmers are also capable of identifying the potential issue that has to be faced by this organization. The weather station of IoT helps to provide real-time data which helps the farmers to identify the present condition of the weather. Conclusion: The Impact of IoT in the agricultural field is discussed in this study. Therefore, with the aid of this study, it has to be noticed that, Implementing IoT technology in the agriculture field become expensive. Farmers in developing areas are unable to afford this technology. Therefore, it is noticed that cost is the main barrier to this advanced technology

An observational study of the effect of escitalopram and etizolam in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with depression

Background: Past decades have witnessed a rapid rise in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus; estimated to affect 415 million adults worldwide and 69.1 million adults in India. There has been an increased prevalence of diabetes associated depression, which can aggravate the symptoms of depression and diabetes associated complications. Use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) can disturb the glycemic control. Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and Etizolam is a new safe antianxiety agent. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of depression and anxiety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to assess the efficacy of escitalopram and etizolam in the treatment of depression and/or anxiety in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Methods: Total 125 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus with fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. Informed written consent was obtained from the patients willing to participate in the study. They were screened for the presence of depression with the help of PHQ-9. Their demographic features were recorded and initial laboratory investigations done. Haemogram, blood sugar level - fasting (BSL-F) and postprandial (PP), serum alanine transferase (ALT), serum creatinine and Urine routine analysis. Patients were started on Escitalopram (10 mg) + Etizolam (0.5 mg) daily for 30 days and others were not treated and acted as control; keeping the management of diabetes mellitus unchanged for all. Laboratory investigations were repeated after 30 days.Results: The prevalence of depression with/without anxiety was 35.2%. 51 patients treated with Escitalopram + Etizolam improved clinically and biochemically. There was a significant (P < 0.05) improvement in BSL-F and PP and HbA1C in patients treated with Escitalopram + Etizolam.Conclusions: Prevalence of depression among type 2 diabetes mellitus was found to be 35% in this study. Fifty one patients treated with escitalopram + etizolam improved clinically as well as biochemically. There was significant improvement in BSL-F, BSL-PP and HbA1c. Escitalopram may be considered as antidepressant of choice in such cases