Manejo do dossel vegetativo e seu efeito nos componentes de produção da videira Merlot.

A poda verde é uma prática cultural utilizada para melhorar as condições do dossel vegetativo dos vinhedos, visando a favorecer a qualidade da uva e do vinho. Nesse sentido, realizou-se este experimento entre as safras de 1993/1994 e 1996/1997, com diferentes modalidades de poda verde, num vinhedo do cv. Merlot conduzido em latada. Houve 12 tratamentos e três repetições, sendo o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos constituíram-se da testemunha e de 11 diferentes modalidades de poda verde, ou seja, desbrota, desponta e desfolha, algumas delas em diferentes épocas do ciclo vegetativo da videira. O componente principal 1, da análise de componentes principais (ACP) feita em cada ano, separadamente, mostra que o tratamento 10 (desbrota + desponta + desfolha realizada no início da floração, eliminando-se as folhas abaixo dos cachos) discriminou-se nos quatro anos, e os tratamentos 7 (desfolha realizada 21 dias antes da colheita, eliminando-se metade das folhas abaixo dos cachos) e 6 (desfolha realizada 21 dias antes da colheita, eliminando-se as folhas abaixo dos cachos), em três deles; a ACP da média dos quatro anos também evidencia essa discriminação entre eles. Constata-se que o tratamento 10 foi um dos que tiveram intensidade de poda verde mais intensa, caracterizando-se por variáveis indicativas de plantas com vigor e produtividade mais baixos que os demais

Influence of shoot topping on yield and quality of Vitis vinifera L.

This study was carried out in a 20 year old spur pruned Karasakýz (Kuntra) vineyard during the 2003 and 2004 growth season. Vines were topped at 1, 3 and 5 nodes beyond the last cluster on the main shoot. Yield and quality parameters were analyzed to determine the effects of shoot topping. The results showed that weather conditions had more statistically important effects compared to the topping level. One (1) node topping resulted in more loss of yield due to increased vegetative growth

Techniques of Blue, Green, and White Faience Bead Production Used at the Early Bronze Age Central Anatolian Site of RESULOĞLU (Turkey)

Modern-day corum is the homeland of the Hatti people, the culture that went on to form the Hittite Empire. Resuloglu, which dates back to the latter half of the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2,500/2400-2,100/2050 BC), is a unique Hatti site with its settlement and cemetery areas systematically excavated. Among thousands of beads found at Resuloglu, various materials were identified such as ceramic, copper and its alloys, carnelian, shells, and blue, green, and white-colored beads. The microstructure and chemical compositions of 26 morphologically similar, colored beads were analyzed by optical microscopy, ICP-MS, XRD, and EPMA and are the focus of this paper. The results demonstrate faience bead production with efflorescence and cementation glazing techniques. The abundance of the raw materials at the Halys Basin (Central Anatolia) signals a local production, and there is a suggestion of a relationship with copper metallurgy

Canopy management effects on Syrah grapevines under tropical semi-arid conditions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of shoot topping and leaf removal practices on vegetative vigor, yield and physicochemical characteristics of the 'Syrah' grape in the semi-arid tropical climate conditions of the São Francisco River Valley in the northeast of Brazil. The experiment was conducted over five growing cycles from 2010 to 2012 in a 'Syrah' commercial vineyard in the municipality of Casa Nova, Bahia, Brazil. Treatments consisted of leaf removal once or twice during fruit set or at the beginning of bunch closure, and one or two shoot toppings of the berry when pea-sized or 10 days after berry growth had commenced. Leaf removal and shoot topping did not affect yield, plant vigor components nor the main attributes of fruit quality. In contrast, there was a seasonal effect with higher yield and better balance between production and vigor in grapes produced in the first half of 2012. The Syrah grape quality was favored in cycles in the first half of the year when its ripening phase coincided with the period of mild temperatures

Heritability of adventitious rooting of grapevine dormant canes

First online: 30 October 2012One of the most important viticultural characteristics of a grapevine rootstock is the ability to form roots on dormant lignified canes (rootstrike). North American species of Vitis are the primary source of germplasm for grapevine rootstocks and vary widely in their rate of rootstrike. Breeders have hybridized grape species in order to introgress traits to produce commercial rootstocks. A combination of 26 parents consisting of improved and wild accessions of Vitis spp. was used to generate 27 families. The percentage of rootstrike of dormant canes was observed over several years for 552 individuals. A logistic generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) method was used to estimate the narrow sense heritability (h 2) of rootstrike. Heritability was found to be moderate (h 2 = 0.307 ± 0.050). The model also estimated breeding values of all parents and progeny. A GLMM method can be used to estimate breeding values of germplasm to identify individuals with commercially acceptable rates of rootstrike with a defined probability of transmitting this trait to progeny. This is useful for the introgression of traits into potentially new commercial rootstocks. The pattern of normal distribution of rooting indicates that it is possible to identify individuals with good rootstrike from Vitis species that are generally considered to have low rootstrike. Selection of individuals with a higher breeding value will increase the efficiency of rootstock breeding.Brady P. Smith, Matthew S. Wheal, Tim H. Jones, Norma B. Morales and Peter R. Clingeleffe