Circles of analysis: a systemic model of child criminal exploitation

Purpose: Child criminal exploitation (CCE) emerges from the complex interplay between potential targets, motivated perpetrators and conducive environments. Drawing on contextual safeguarding and rational choice theory. The purpose of this paper is to explain the relational dynamics that lead to CCE in terms of complex systems. Design/methodology/approach: This paper reviews the existing criminological and public health perspectives on CCE and compare against current assessment protocols used to identify child victims of exploitation. Findings: Findings demonstrate a conceptual and empirical flaw in existing practice. This flaw can be understood in terms of a failure to include both environmental conditions and the perpetrator’s motivation when trying to prevent CCE. Research limitations/implications: To correct this, this paper develops an original systemic model called circles of analysis. This model builds on contextual safeguarding to overcome this identified flaw by also including perpetrator motivation to develop a Systemic Investigation, Protection and Prosecution Strategy. Practical implications: It is worth considering as to whether our model can be scaled up to look at trafficking of children and adults for modern slavery, servitude, forced and compulsory labour in different contexts and jurisdictions. Alongside this, is there capacity to build perpetrator behaviours into the contextual safeguarding model? Social implications: The potential for further development and alignment with the principles of contextual safeguarding is tantalising, and it is hoped that the contribution to this important special edition will open up new avenues for collaboration with both academics and practitioners who are concerned with protecting children and combatting CCE. Originality/value: This strategy is uniquely designed to improve how police and social workers identify and investigate CCE and safeguard potential victims and survivors

The Grizzly, January 30, 1996

The Ruby is Dead • Research Conference Originates at Ursinus • The Soul of the Matter • Ursinus Recital Featured Two Organists • The Ursinus Blackout • Heefner Organ Recital Series Kicks Off • The Bear Facts About the Ursinus Mascot: Part 1 • Study Abroad: More Than Just an Academic Experience • Women\u27s Hoops Struggling • Bears In Thick of Playoff Race • Anecdotes of a Wagon Lost in Denver • Bears Nationally Ranked • Bears Look Tough to Beat as Centennial Tourney Hostshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1372/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 1, 1994

Presidential Search Enters Final Phase • Long Term and Short Term Goals Established by SSG • The United States Prison Population Reaches One Million • American Military Expansion in the Middle East on the Rise • Politics Department to Hold Roundtable Discussion • North Penn Teachers Enter Third Week of Strike • Campus Bids Farewell to Security Officer • U Phi D: Pride in the Name of Sisterhood • Young Alumni Planning Board • ProTheatre to Present Execution of Justice • Soccer Nears Endhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1345/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 24, 1995

The Results Are In: Chi Rho Psi Recruited the Most Donors per Pledge • Mocktails \u27n More • Senior Class Update • Join the Army! • The Pressures Make us Miserable • De-Americanizing America • Infringing on a Conducive Learning Environment? • Why Keep Pushing? • My View on Abortion • The Million Man Exclusion • It is About Respect • In Need of Answers • Our Perspectives on Homosexuality • Homosexuality: Not an Alternative • Morality of Sexual Preference • Homecoming 1995 • Red & Gold Regulations • Mike Green Gives Advice on Drinking • Brendlinger Named Ursinus Assistant • Team Earns First Conference Win • Field Hockey Defeats Temple, Falls to American U. • Cross Country Competes in Allentown Invitational • Everyone is Invited! • Football Snaps Five-Game Skid • Steigerwalt Honoredhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1366/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, February 13, 1996

Summer Research at Ursinus • Fairley Will Not Plead Insanity • Merck Announces HIV Drug Results • Faculty Spotlight: Dr. Lynn Thelen • Joe Clark, Gospel Choir Highlight Diversity Week • Information Superhighway Control • Captain Offender • In Search of Aristotle\u27s Prime Mover • An Entirely Warped Romantic Interlude • Hey Students, Take Some Initiative! • Do You Believe in Magic? • Take it Back, Captain Jack! • Not Slick Enough • Strike up the (String) Band! • Ursinus Handles Swarthmore, 70-39 • Ursinus Edges Washington, 64-62 • Swarthmore Sweeps UC Swim Teams • Gymnasts Victorious • Bears Regain Centennial Titlehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1374/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 15, 1994

Judiciary Board Hearing Ends with Guilty Verdict • Founders\u27 Day Closes 125th Anniversary Celebration • Sexual Discrimination in the Legal Profession • C. Everett Koop Speaks at Convocation • Republicans Sweep Democrats • Professor Opens Doors to Sociological Imagination • Great Minds Don\u27t Think Alike • Scholarship Allows Professor to Experience African Culture • Musical Ensembles to Present Concert • A Lesson in American Alcohol Abuse • Jason Pierce, Musical Missionary, to Perform • Bears Challenge Dickinsonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1347/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, September 27, 1994

Berry\u27s Political Future Uncertain • Violence in Haiti Will Not be Tolerated • Status of Citizenship Questioned • What is Newman Society? • On Being Reared in the U.S. • What Scares Me • Rabinor Opens Lectures on Eating Disorders • UC Volleyball Battles Floor Problems and Injuries • UC X-C Runners are New and Improved • Defense to do it for Eagles • Bears Drop Close One to Western Marylandhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1341/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, November 21, 1995

The Quad Joins the Information Superhighway • Was Darwin Right?: Dr. Philip Johnson Discusses Evolution • Women are Moving Beyond The Double Bind • From Bed to Class in 3 Seconds Flat • Ursinus\u27 Tutoring Program • A New Music Revolution • The Great Pizza Caper • Welcome to the Miserable World of a Homosexual • God and the GOP • Dr. Nagy: Challenging the Claims • We\u27re Not Secure! • Final Exam Schedule • Alumna Spotlight: Janene Paist • Alien Lands at Ursinus: Observes Strange Life Forms • Flag Football Special • Lady Bears Contend For Mobil Championship • Season Opening Tourney Yields Split • Bears Place Four on Centennial All-Conference Teamhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1370/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, December 6, 1994

Beetlemania Hits Ursinus • Strassburger Appointed President • Unrest in the Baltics Continues • Ursinus Birthday Card Unveiled • Jeffrey Dahmer Dead • Philadelphia Teen Slain as Result of Inner City Rivalries • Lectures, Friendships, and Giving Up Shop • The Holidays Mean More Than Just Christmas • Alumna Spotlight: The Life of a Doctor • The Java Trench: More Than Just Coffee • Indigo Girls Delight Philly Fans • Intramural Updatehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1349/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 25, 1994

Service: It\u27s Not Greek to Them • Ursinus Cross Country Team Involved in Accident • Five Lives Claimed at Bloomsburg Frat House • Pi Omega Delta Captures Banner for Blood Drive • Democrats in Danger: Election for House and Senate too Close to Call • United States and North Korean Timetable for Nuclear Disarmament • Freshman Class Officers Ready to Make a Difference • Lopate Shares Humor and Insight • Berman Museum Celebrates its Fifth Anniversary • Choir to Sing on Saturday • An Open Letter to All Greeks • Basketball Woes • A Few Inches From Drowning • A Philly Fan • UC Soccer Gets Back on Track • Intramural Updatehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1344/thumbnail.jp