Pozitivni aspekti primjene masivnog drva u interijerima na dobrobit ljudi – pregled literature

The paper provides an overview of research conducted in the field of wood application in the interior environment and on how solid wood as a material affects human behavior and sense of wellbeing. The analyzed literature includes articles published in the period 1989-2021 in Pub-Med, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) databases using keywords: wood; wellbeing; psychological and physiological responses; indoor environment. Thirty-one articles were processed. Results from the studies confirmed that people have a strong connection and positive behavioral reactions in relation to the use of solid wood in interiors. Wood visually and tactilely affects the mental state of users, and affects physical state, productivity, and stress. Selected studies were reviewed to better understand the impact of the solid wood application on user behavior, health, and wellbeing using objective and subjective test methods. All the findings can be a potential guide for greater future implementation of wood in the sustainable interior design of timber buildings by wood processors, manufacturers, architects, and interior designers, as well as a more vital branding of sustainable and healthy wooden products and buildings with the aim of increasing the wellbeing in interior environments with an emphasis on furnishing sustainable public facilities.Rad donosi pregled istraživanja provedenih na području primjene drva u interijeru te utjecaja masivnog drva kao materijala na ljudsko ponašanje i osjećaj ugode. Analizirana literatura obuhvatila je članke objavljene u razdoblju 1989. – 2021. u bazama podataka Pub-Med, Google Scholar, Scopus i Web of Science (WoS), a pretražene su korištenjem ključnih riječi: drvo, blagostanje, psihološke i fiziološke reakcije, unutarnje okruženje. Obrađen je trideset i jedan članak. Rezultati istraživanja potvrdili su da ljudi osjećaju snažnu povezanost s masivnim drvom u interijeru i pozitivno reagiraju na njegovu primjenu. Drvo vizualno i taktilno utječe na psihičko stanje korisnika, na njihovo fizičko stanje te na produktivnost i stres. Odabrane su studije pregledane primjenom objektivnih i subjektivnih metoda ispitivanja kako bi se bolje razumio utjecaj upotrebe masivnog drva na ponašanje, zdravlje i dobrobit korisnika. Sva otkrića mogu biti potencijalni vodič za opsežniju buduću primjenu drva u održivom dizajnu interijera drvenih zgrada, na što uvelike mogu utjecati prerađivači drva, proizvođači, arhitekti i dizajneri interijera, kao i aktivnije brendiranje održivih i zdravih drvenih proizvoda i zgrada radi povećanja dobrobiti u interijerima, s naglaskom na opremanje održivih javnih objekata

3D geometrijsko modeliranje namještaja

U radu je prikazan opis računalne grafike u dizajnu namještaja. Uvođenje računalne grafike u dizajn namještaja mora biti koncipirano na bazi podataka pomoću kojih se mogu proučiti elementi modela ili cijeli model. Za tu je svrhu opisan način 3D geometrijskog modeliranja namještaja. Računalnom vizualizacijom virtualnog 3D postupka u interakciji s digitaliziranim realno izvedenim namještajem i okolinom uvedeno je optimalno i ergonomsko oblikovanje i određivanje dimenzija namještaja. Radi što boljeg uvida u sve komponente i redoslijede njihova sklapanja, izveden je rasčlanjeni prikaz stolice te ispitane mogućnosti vizualizacije modela

Pametne uredske stolice sa senzorima za otkrivanje položaja i navika sjedenja – pregled literature

The health consequences of prolonged sitting in the office and other work chairs have recently been tried to be alleviated or prevented by the application of modern technologies. Smart technologies and sensors are installed in different parts of office chairs, which enables monitoring of seating patterns and prevents positions that potentially endanger the health of users. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of previous research in the field of the application of smart technologies and sensors built into office and other types of chairs in order to prevent diseases. The articles published in the period 2010-2020 and indexed in WoS CC, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore databases, with the keywords “smart chair” and “sensor chair” were analysed. 15 articles were processed, with their research being based on the use of different types of sensors that determine the contact pressures between the user’s body and stool parts and recognise different body positions when sitting, which can prevent negative health consequences. Analysed papers prove that the use of smart technology and a better understanding of sitting, using various sensors and applications that read body pressure and determine the current body position, can act as preventive health care by detecting proper heart rate and beats per minute, the activity of individual muscle groups, proper breathing and estimates of blood oxygen levels. In the future research, it is necessary to compare different types of sensors, methods used and the results obtained in order to determine which of them are most suitable for the future development of seating furniture for work.Posljedice dugotrajnog sjedenja na uredskim i drugim radnim stolicama u posljednje se vrijeme pokušavaju ublažiti ili spriječiti primjenom suvremenih tehnologija. U različite dijelove uredskih stolica ugrađuju se pametne tehnologije i senzori, što omogućuje praćenje rasporeda sjedenja i izbjegavanje položaja koji potencijalno ugrožavaju zdravlje korisnika. Cilj ovog rada jest davanje pregleda dosadašnjih istraživanja u području primjene suvremenih pametnih tehnologija i senzora ugrađenih u uredske i ostale vrste stolica radi prevencije obolijevanja korisnika. Analizirani su članci objavljeni u razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. i indeksirani su u bazama podataka WoS CC, Scopus i IEEE Xplore, a izdvojeni su prema ključnim riječima pametna stolica i senzorska stolica. Obrađeno je 15 članaka u kojima su se istraživanja temeljila na primjeni različitih vrsta senzora koji određuju kontaktne tlakove između korisnikova tijela i dijelova stolice te raspoznaju različite položaje tijela pri sjedenju, čime se mogu prevenirati negativne posljedice za zdravlje. U analiziranim istraživanjima autori su dokazali da primjena pametne tehnologije i bolje razumijevanje sjedenja uporabom različitih senzora i aplikacija kojima se očitava pritisak tijela i određuje njegov trenutačni položaj može preventivno djelovati zahvaljujući praćenju rada srca i broja otkucaja u minuti, aktivnosti pojedinih mišićnih skupina, pravilnog disanja, procjene razine kisika u krvi i sl. U budućim istraživanjima potrebno je usporediti različite tipove senzora, primijenjene metode i dobivene rezultate kako bi se uočilo koji su od njih najprikladniji za budući razvoj radnog namještaja za sjedenje

Pupils’ working postures in primary school classrooms

Background and Purpose: Primary schoolchildren spend most of their time in classrooms seated in chairs in some manner, but sitting behavior and working postures of pupils are rarely observed as an important criterion in school furniture design. Yet, correctly designed workspace for school children is, among others, one of the most important key factors in regular development of all abilities of youths. This research focused primarily on the pupils’ behavior at work, their movements and frequent activities during usage of tables and chairs in primary school classrooms, with the aim to identify main working postures and define them as notable criteria when designing school furniture for the future. Materials and Methods: The research was conducted in one elementary school in Zagreb, Croatia, with 18 pupils from the 2nd to 8th grades. The method employed was video recording. Results: Forty-three characteristic postures and semi-postures, classified in four main groups were recorded. The results showed that there are major differences in the subjects’ behavior and in the habits of using the task chair and tablewith respect to age, gender, daytime, studied subjects, tasks and the teachers’ behavior. Conclusions: Design of school furniture must take into account the age and anthropometrics of the child as well as analysis of characteristic postures of the pupils as one of crucial design criteria, to be observed both in 3D and 2D system. New school furniture design has to encourage sitting dynamics and fits psychological, ergonomic, physical, social and cognitive aspects of their users

Classroom Furniture Design – Correlation of Pupil and Chair Dimensions

The present study aimed at determining the relationship of anthropometric dimensions of pupils from grades 1 to 8 in primary school with the dimensions of school chairs. Two dimensions of the chairs in daily use were evaluated to ascertain whether the fit is sufficient and the effect on pupils’ sitting posture. The work included a sample of 556 pupils from three primary schools in Zagreb, Croatia and two types of furniture. Dimensions of school chairs were compared with three anthropometric variables of the pupils. Descriptive statistics were analysed for all variables. These study results have shown that furniture of appropriate dimensions is not available to a large number of students in Croatia. Currently supplied classroom equipment is provided in only two sizes and does not fit the users. It is recommended that task chairs may be acceptable if they are issued in four heights or individually adjustable chairs be introduced in Croatian schools. Furthermore it is strongly recommended that schools actively promote appropriate active sitting behaviou

FURNITURE FOR A HEALTHY LIFE

Današnji ritam života, tehnološka dostignuća, inovacije i zagađenje okoliša odražavaju se na ponašanje, navike i osjećaje suvremenog čovjeka, kao i njegovo psihofizičko stanje. Zdravlje čovjeka je sve ugroženije, a želja za poboljšanjem načina života i oblikovanja ljudskog okruženja postaje jedna od glavnih zadaća ljudskog opstanka. Jedan od načina kako preventivno djelovati na čovjekovo zdravlje ogleda se kroz namještaj te osviješten pristup njegovom oblikovanju, konstruiranju, proizvodnji i krajnjoj uporabi. U tom pristupu najvažniju ulogu imaju ergonomski i ekološki parametri. U radu je dan osvrt na ove dvije važne razine u sustavnom pristupu nastajanja namještaja koji potiče i održava zdravlje. Budući da se svakodnevna aktivnost čovječanstva pretežito svodi na sjedenje i ležanje, u odnosu na anatomsko-ergonomski parametar razmatra se namještaj za sjedenje pri radu i spavanje, dok je u odnosu na ekološki parametar dan osvrt na svojstva drva, kao jedne od značajnijih prirodnih i biološki čistih sirovina za proizvodnju namještaja, ali i opasnosti koje se nalaze u tom materijalu za zdravlje čovjeka ako se ne provodi određena kontrola u preradi, proizvodnji i uporabi.The modern-day dynamics of life, technological achievements, innovations and environmental pollution have an impact on the behaviour, habits and emotions of the modern man and on his psychophysical state. Human health is being increasingly more compromised, and a desire for a better way of life and a better-designed human environment is becoming one of the chief considerations of human survival. One of the modes of preventing damage to human health is to improve furniture design, its construction, manufacture and end use. Ergonomic and environmental considerations are key issues in this effort. The paper outlines the importance of these two chief considerations in furniture manufacture aimed at stimulating and maintaining good health. Human activities today are restricted mainly to sitting and lying down. Furniture designed for sitting and sleeping is studied from the point of view of anatomic and ergonomic features, while environmental issues are addressed in the consideration of the materials used in furniture manufacture, mostly of wood as one of the more important natural and biologically pure raw materials, but a material not free of hazards to human health if the processing, manufacture and use are not suitably controlle