Hubungan penghargaan kendiri, resilien, sikap asertif dan kempimpinan dalam kalangan “Mat Rempit” di Lembah Klang

Youth faces drastic changes in their psychological, biological and social development. The involvement of adolescents in reckless motorcycle riding also known as ‘rempit’ is a social phenomenon that reflects devian behavior. Various programs have been carried out on prevention and recovery from various sectors. However, reckless motorcycle riding still occurs within our society and it has now grown to become a current trend among male youth especially those that are school dropouts to become 'Mat Rempit'. This paperwork sets out to measure the level of self-esteem, resilience, assertiveness and leadership. A quantitative design was applied in this field study. Sample recruitment were carried out via snowballing based on purposive sampling. A total of 30 youths between the age of 16 and 25 were recruited into the youth empowerment camp. Results show a significant relationship between self-esteem, resilience, assertiveness and gang leadership. There was a significant difference in terms of self-esteem (t=3.1, p<0.05) before and after the camp was carried out. Research implications were further discusses based on the impact towards the camp participants, their family, the social development of the youth and the improvement of the empowering youth-at-risk module. It is hoped that through this youth empowerment camp, participants have the potential to change risky behaviours to positive behaviours in order to contribute towards self-development and the well-being of their family

Effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin receptor blocker initiation on organ support-free days in patients hospitalized with COVID-19

IMPORTANCE Overactivation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may contribute to poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Objective To determine whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) initiation improves outcomes in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In an ongoing, adaptive platform randomized clinical trial, 721 critically ill and 58 non–critically ill hospitalized adults were randomized to receive an RAS inhibitor or control between March 16, 2021, and February 25, 2022, at 69 sites in 7 countries (final follow-up on June 1, 2022). INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized to receive open-label initiation of an ACE inhibitor (n = 257), ARB (n = 248), ARB in combination with DMX-200 (a chemokine receptor-2 inhibitor; n = 10), or no RAS inhibitor (control; n = 264) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was organ support–free days, a composite of hospital survival and days alive without cardiovascular or respiratory organ support through 21 days. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model. Odds ratios (ORs) greater than 1 represent improved outcomes. RESULTS On February 25, 2022, enrollment was discontinued due to safety concerns. Among 679 critically ill patients with available primary outcome data, the median age was 56 years and 239 participants (35.2%) were women. Median (IQR) organ support–free days among critically ill patients was 10 (–1 to 16) in the ACE inhibitor group (n = 231), 8 (–1 to 17) in the ARB group (n = 217), and 12 (0 to 17) in the control group (n = 231) (median adjusted odds ratios of 0.77 [95% bayesian credible interval, 0.58-1.06] for improvement for ACE inhibitor and 0.76 [95% credible interval, 0.56-1.05] for ARB compared with control). The posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitors and ARBs worsened organ support–free days compared with control were 94.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Hospital survival occurred in 166 of 231 critically ill participants (71.9%) in the ACE inhibitor group, 152 of 217 (70.0%) in the ARB group, and 182 of 231 (78.8%) in the control group (posterior probabilities that ACE inhibitor and ARB worsened hospital survival compared with control were 95.3% and 98.1%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this trial, among critically ill adults with COVID-19, initiation of an ACE inhibitor or ARB did not improve, and likely worsened, clinical outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT0273570