A Strategic Market Game with Seigniorage Costs of Fiat Money

A model that includes the cost of producing money is presented and the nature of the inefficient equilibria in the model are examined. It is suggested that if one acknowledges that transactions are a form of production, which requires the consumption resources, then the concept of Pareto optimality is inappropriate for assessing efficiency. Instead it becomes necessary to provide an appropriate comparative analysis of alternative transactions mechanisms in the appropriate context.Strategic market games, Seigniorage costs, Inefficiency

A Strategic Market Game with a Mutual Bank with Fractional Reserves and Redemption in Gold (A Continuum of Traders)

We utilize the strategic market game approach to analyze the role and function of a mutual bank with variable fractional reserves, redemption in gold and endogenous interest rate formation. We specify the conditions of enough money and its distribution. Using the continuum of traders model, we show existence and optimality for the case of no bankruptcy as well as for the case in which there exists the potentiality of bankruptcy. Finally, we analyze the relationship of the gearing ratio and the bankruptcy penalty with respect to the resulting equilibrium allocations.Banking, interest rates, bankruptcy, credit, money supply

The optimal monetary instrument for prudential purposes

The purpose of this paper is to assess the choice between adopting a monetary base or an interest rate setting instrument to maintain financial stability. Our results suggest that the interest rate instrument is preferable, since during times of a panic or financial crisis the Central Bank automatically satisfies the increased demand for money. Thus, it prevents sharp losses in asset values and enhanced asset volatility.Interest rates Monetary base Bank capital Financial stability Monetary policy

Macroprudential policy analysis in an estimated DSGE model with a heterogeneous banking system: An application to Chile

We quantify the effect of macroprudential policy in mitigating domestic and foreign shocks to a small open commodity based economy estimated on Chilean data. The model features a heterogeneous banking sector and includes financial frictions through collateralized borrowing and unsecured loans with the possibility of endogenous haircuts or default. The estimation shows that shocks affect large and small banks differently through the heterogeneous adjustment of both the composition of assets and the level of liabilities. This implies that countercyclical capital buffers as well as the countercyclical liquidity coverage ratios need to be introduced jointly to maintain financial stability. Countercyclical capital buffers alone cause large and small banks to adjust their balance sheet sizes in opposite directions. Only combined capital and liquidity policies raise both types of banks costs while growing their assets and thus attenuate aggregate credit fluctuations over the business cycle

The Optimal Monetary Instrument for Prudential Purposes

The purpose of this paper is to assess the choice between adopting a monetary base or an interest rate setting instrument to maintain financial stability. Our results suggest that the interest rate instrument is preferable, since during times of a panic or financial crisis the Central Bank automatically satisfies the increased demand for money. Thus, it prevents sharp losses in asset values and enhanced asset volatility.interest rates, monetary base, bank capital, financial stability, monetary policy

Towards a measure of financial fragility

This paper proposes a measure of financial fragility that is based on economic welfare in a general equilbrium model calibrated against UK data. The model comprises a household sector, three active heterogeneous banks, a central bank/regulator, incomplete markets, and endogenous default. We address the impact of monetary and regulatory policy, credit and capital shocks in the real and financial sectors and how the response of the economy to shocks relates to our measure of financial fragility. Finally we use panel VAR techniques to investigate the relationships between the factors that characterise financial fragility in our model, i.e. banks’ probabilities of default and banks’ profits - to a proxy of welfare

On dividend restrictions and the collapse of the interbank market

Until recently, financial services regulation remained largely segmented along national lines. The integration of financial markets, however, calls for a systematic and coherent approach to regulation. This paper studies the effect of market based regulation on the proper functioning of the interbank market. Specifically, we argue that restrictions on the payout of dividends by banks can reduce their expected default on (interbank) loans, stimulate trade in this market and improve the welfare of consumers

Banks, relative performance, and sequential contagion

We develop a multi-period general equilibrium model of bank deposit, credit, and interim inter-bank loan markets in which banks initially specialize in their choices of debtors, leading to under-diversification, but nevertheless become entwined via inter-bank markets, leading to the fortunes of one bank affecting the profits and default rates of the other in a sequential manner. Lack of (full) diversification among credit risks arises in our model owing to a relative profit argument in each banker’s utility function, which is otherwise risk- and default-averse. We examine its implications for the welfare of depositors and debtors

Pursuing financial stability under an inflation-targeting regime

Monetary policy, Financial stability, C51, C52, C53, E47, E52,