Blood pressure reactivity: Pitfalls in methodology

Two very different assumptions about the principles of blood pressure reactivity lead to quite different notions about hypertensive/normotensive behaviour. Both are referred to as the Law of Initial Value (LIV). Subsequent confusion about blood pressure reactivity vs resting level partly explains a number of inconsistencies between studies describing hypertensive behaviour. Here the validity of each assumption was tested. Young hypertensives and normotensives who had first been placed into a condition of arousal or relaxation performed a mental arithmetic task. Group behaviour and idiosyncratic paradoxical response phenomena were investigated. Results showed that the state of the subject immediately prior to the mental arithmetic task was more important in determining the reaction to that task than blood pressure category was: in an aroused subject blood pressure fell. The implications for both clinicians and researchers interested in blood pressure behaviour, in particular where stimuli have failed to elicit responses, are discussed

Visitors to northern Australia: debating the history of Indigenous gambling

Was gambling introduced to Indigenous Australians by British colonists in 1788 or was it introduced by Macassan fishermen much earlier? Using a variety of literature resources, it is argued that Indigenous Australian gambling did exist in regions along Australia\u27s northern coastlines in pre-colonial times due to the influence of Macassan fishermen. Using an anthropological model, the adoption of card games and gambling is seen as an adaptive response to changes in the lives of Indigenous Australians. It is also argued that Binde\u27s (2005) four conditions for predicting the presence of gambling in traditional societies are not reliable indicators for predicting gambling by Indigenous Australians in northern Australia in pre-colonial time