The challenges and potential benefits of perennial organic cropping systems-example of organic top fruit

Of all the organic food sectors in the UK, top fruit production is one of the least developed. Despite strong consumer demand and high prices for organic fruit, UK production remains small and 90% of supplies are imported. Current methods of production are unsatisfactory with low yields and erratic quality, with resulting variable economic performance. Pest and disease problems are one of the main reasons for this poor performance, with current varieties being unable to provide sufficient resistance. New varieties and an improved pest and disease management programme, identified as part of a HORTLINK project, offer new hope to the sector. There are now opportunities for the sector to grow and provide greater UK supplies of top fruit, in addition to widening the proven benefits to biodiversity of organic orchards

An assessment of apple varieties for their suitability in organic production systems

Twenty seven varieties of apple were assessed for their susceptibility to apple scab, mildew and rosy apple aphid in a replicated experiment at East Malling Research. The varieties most affected by mildew were Goldrush, DL11, Liberty, Bohemia and Pinova. Ceeval, Discovery, Edward VII, Howgate Wonder, Rajka, Rebella and Topaz had the lowest incidences of mildew. The highest incidence of scab occurred on Pilot and Pinova, but infestation was low throughout the assessment period. In 2006 when aphid populations were high, Liberty, Goldrush and Delorina had no aphid infestations, and low infestations were seen on Edward VII, Resi and Santana

Domain Coarsening in Systems Far from Equilibrium

The growth of domains of stripes evolving from random initial conditions is studied in numerical simulations of models of systems far from equilibrium such as Rayleigh-Benard convection. The scaling of the size of the domains deduced from the inverse width of the Fourier spectrum is studied for both potential and nonpotential models. The morphology of the domains and the defect structures are however quite different in the two cases, and evidence is presented for a second length scale in the nonpotential case.Comment: 11 pages, RevTeX; 3 uufiles encoded postscript figures appende

Pupil participation in Scottish schools: final report

This research was commissioned by Learning and Teaching Scotland (LTS) to evaluate the nature of pupil participation in primary and secondary schools across Scotland. The specific objectives of the research were: <p>· To describe what school staff and pupils understand by the term ‘pupil participation’.</p> <p>· To describe the range and usage of pupil participation mechanisms employed in schools.</p> <p>· To describe how school staff respect and respond to pupils’ views and ideas, and those of the wider community.</p> <p>· To identify the characteristics of schools and classrooms that facilitate effective pupil participation.</p> <p>· To identify possible barriers to the development of pupil participation in schools and to make suggestions about how these can be overcome.</p> <p>· To capture examples of effective practice of pupil participation.</p> <p>· To make suggestions about how pupil participation can help support the implementation of the Curriculum for Excellence.</p&gt

Celebrity and Schadenfreude: The cultural economy of fame in freefall

This paper explores the popularity of contemporary expressions of delight in celebrity downfall, or Schadenfreude towards celebrity culture, and questions to what extent they can be understood as cultural critiques of economic inequality. For just as the economy has its own parables, so do ‘cultural’ expressions contain parables of normativity about economic life. We argue that Schadenfreude's relationship to ‘equality’ can be read in terms of social, cultural and economic blockages, and investigate some of the history to this feeling by exploring different arguments over the meaning and status of ‘equality’ in modern and post-modern societies. This survey of its contested meanings highlights the distinctions which have been made and elided between property and identity, the economic and the cultural, and the political and the private. These geneaologies are used to interpret Schadenfreude, and to highlight the tension between two different aspects of contemporary subjectivity: ‘integrity’ and marketability of the self. By drawing on these contested genealogies and theories of equality, we are also arguing that Schadenfreude toward celebrity in its most common contemporary form cannot be seen merely as a superstructural phenomenon of a neo-liberal base but rather as stitched into and as of a piece with this neo-liberal culture. We argue that whilst Schadenfreude is able to be articulated in different directions, it overwhelmingly works to express irritation at inequalities but not to change the wider rules of the current social system, and its political economy often actually entails it fuelling inequalities of wealth. In these terms, Schadenfreude can be perceived as being intimately related to autistic economic culture and as being able to be perpetuated by coasting on its own status as an autistic response

Editor’s Introduction

In this issue of the Engineering Management Journal (EMJ), we are delighted to present eight new articles that address several key areas across the engineering management discipline. The scope of the research studies highlights the application as well as the range of approaches adopted in engineering management [...

Editor’s Introduction

In this issue of the journal we are delighted to present eight articles that cover several key areas across engineering management. The discipline of engineering management [...

Editor’s Introduction

In this issue of the Engineering Management Journal (EMJ), we are delighted to present seven new articles that address key areas across the field of engineering management. EMJ seeks to provide readers with timely access to the tools, techniques and underpinning knowledge to operate in the increasingly technology-driven world and manage arising complexities [...

Defect Dynamics for Spiral Chaos in Rayleigh-Benard Convection

A theory of the novel spiral chaos state recently observed in Rayleigh-Benard convection is proposed in terms of the importance of invasive defects i.e defects that through their intrinsic dynamics expand to take over the system. The motion of the spiral defects is shown to be dominated by wave vector frustration, rather than a rotational motion driven by a vertical vorticity field. This leads to a continuum of spiral frequencies, and a spiral may rotate in either sense depending on the wave vector of its local environment. Results of extensive numerical work on equations modelling the convection system provide some confirmation of these ideas.Comment: Revtex (15 pages) with 4 encoded Postscript figures appende

An experimental investigation of the aerodynamics and cooling of a horizontally-opposed air-cooled aircraft engine installation

A flight-test based research program was performed to investigate the aerodynamics and cooling of a horizontally-opposed engine installation. Specific areas investigated were the internal aerodynamics and cooling mechanics of the installation, inlet aerodynamics, and exit aerodynamics. The applicable theory and current state of the art are discussed for each area. Flight-test and ground-test techniques for the development of the cooling installation and the solution of cooling problems are presented. The results show that much of the internal aerodynamics and cooling technology developed for radial engines are applicable to horizontally opposed engines. Correlation is established between engine manufacturer's cooling design data and flight measurements of the particular installation. Also, a flight-test method for the development of cooling requirements in terms of easily measurable parameters is presented. The impact of inlet and exit design on cooling and cooling drag is shown to be of major significance