(Re) -creating the commons: the social construction of new commons: Learning from the case of water management in the city of Naples (Italy)

International audienceThere is currently an increasing interest to recover community management of resources, or even to (re-) create them as “new commons” (Ruiz-Ballesteros and Gual, 2012). The purpose of this communication is to explore, through the case-study of water management in the city of Naples (Italy) , how new commons emerge. This purpose is composed on two sub questions: how does the commons concept perform? What are the actors and the processes that make the emergence of a new common effective? The story of the institutionalisation of water as a Common in the city of Naples started with citizen movements. These movements blossomed after a general trend of privatisation during the 90s: this allowed a private agency to get the management of the integrated water services of Naples. After a series of political struggles lasting more than 10 years, a great numbers of stakeholders involved and a tremendously successful referendum, the movements succeeded in transforming the private water agency, S.p.A., into a special compan , ABC (which stands for “Acqua Bene Comune”, in English “Water as a Common Good”) . This was done in order to eliminate the incentives to the pursuit of economic short-term profit, and in order to guarantee water as a human right. Naples is the first city in Italy to have re-municipalized its water service and this case study is not only the story of an organisational innovation, but also the story of a larger scale legal tools innovation (Lucarelli, 2010; Bailey and Mattei, 2013) .This study contributes to the overcoming of the apparent dichotomy between material and immaterial commons by focusing on the social construction of the commons. By examining this social construction phenomenon, this paper underlines the struggles around the commons and pinpoints some pathways and recipes that can foster the setting up and the resilience of commons management systems

Profils métaboliques de pêche: une étude des métabolites primaires et secondaires par RMN-1H et HPLC de deux descendances révèle de profondes variations entre génotypes et la présence de composés inattendus.

National audienc

Detection of QTLs controlling major fruit quality components in peach within the European project ISAFRUIT

International audienceISAFRUIT is a European integrated project aimed at increasing fruit consumption with the goal to improve health of the European citizens. One of the objectives of the work package GENFRUIT is to set the genetic basis of fruit quality by mapping the major genes and QTLs involved (Work package 6.1). This is performed on two peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) and two apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) progenies. Only results obtained on one of the two peach progenies, the F2 progeny of 207 hybrids issued from the ‘Ferjalou’ Jalousia® x ‘Fantasia’ cross (JxF), will be described in this paper. This progeny is segregating for six Mendelian traits, peach or nectarine (G), flat or round fruit (S), non-acid or acid fruit (D), clingstone or freestone (F), male sterility (Ps), no fruit at maturity (af), as well as for quantitative characters involved in fruit quality. This progeny was evaluated for various characters such as blooming and maturity date, fruit fresh, and dry weight, flesh firmness, juice soluble solid content; pH and acidity. The quantification of the flesh concentration in 15 to 20 major metabolites (glucose, fructose, sucrose, citrate, malate, major amino acids, and some major secondary metabolites) was performed in Bordeaux using proton NMR spectroscopy of polar extracts. Phenolics profiling, using HPLC-DAD, was performed in Avignon. Candidate genes involved in fruit sugar or acid contents and fruit development were bin mapped in the reference map ‘Texas’ x ‘Earlygold’ and in JxF. Preliminary results on QTL detection concerning fruit quality characters are presented. First colocalisations of QTLs with candidate genes were identified. In the future, the colocalisation of QTLs with candidate genes, and the colinearity of QTLs detected on the different populations analyzed in the ISAFRUIT project will be examined

Peach fruit quality : candidate genes or map-based cloning strategy ?

International audienc

QTL anlysis of characters involved in fruit quality in Prunus persica and a related species and co-location with candidate genes in the European Project ISAFRUIT

International audienc

QTL analysis of metabolites involved in fruit quality in Prunus species and co-location with candidate genes in the European Project ISAFRUIT - Preliminary results obtained on P. persica related species

International audienc

Candidate gene mapping and QTL analysis involved in agronomical and fruit quality traits in Prunus species in the European integrated project ISAFRUIT

International audienc

Développement de biopesticides d’origine végétale pour l’horticulture : méthodes de production, spectre d’action et validation in vivo de l’efficacité des acides dicaféoylquiniques

National audienc

ISAFRUIT. Study of the genetic basis of Prunus fruit quality in two peach and two apricot populations

International audienceA European Integrated Project, untitled ‘ISAFRUIT’, has been engaged in January 2006. It deals with the improvement of fruit consumption by the consumers under both objectives: the optimization of the quality of the row products, and the optimization of the cultural practices. The project involves 40 Research Institutes and 20 Companies issued from 14 European countries and two associated countries. Within the whole project, a work package (6.1) is dedicated to the study of the genetics of fruit quality and health properties. It is subdivided in six main tasks, among them two concerning peach and apricot quality attributes have been already engaged: Task 1 – Identification and mapping of candidate genes for fruit quality in saturated maps of peach and apricot. Task 3 – QTLs analysis of fruit quality. Six research laboratories are involved in theses parts of the project based on the analysis of four Prunus progenies of 120 hybrid each, two apricot progenies cultivated in Avignon (Fr) and Bologna (It), and two peach progenies cultivated in Avignon and Bordeaux (Fr). Fruit quality characterization is based on (i) physical measurements (fruit weight, colour, firmness), (ii) biochemical measurements (refractometric index, titratable acidity) and (iii) on a fine metabolic profiling based on 1H RMN 1D, targeting the major metabolites, associated with a phenolic compounds characterization by HPLC. The related datasets will be joined with the genetic map under saturation for localising the associated QTLs. A particular attention will be paid to the co-linearity between species