4,920 research outputs found
Optimal security-constrained power scheduling by Benders decomposition
This paper presents a Benders decomposition approach to determine the optimal day-ahead power scheduling in a pool-organized power system, taking into account dispatch, network and security constraints. The study model considers the daily market and the technical constraints resolution as two different and consecutive processes. The daily market is solved in a first stage subject to economical criteria exclusively and then, the constraints solution algorithm is applied to this initial dispatch through the redispatching method. The Benders partitioning algorithm is applied to this constraints solution process to obtain an optimal secure power scheduling. The constraints solution includes a full AC network and security model to incorporate voltages magnitudes as they are a critical factor in some real power systems. The algorithm determines the active power committed to each generator so as to minimize the energy redispatch cost subject to dispatch, network and security constraints. The solution also provides the reactive power output of the generators, the value of the transformers taps and the committed voltage control devices. The model has been tested in the IEEE 24-bus Reliability Test System and in an adapted IEEE 118-bus Test System. It is programmed in GAMS mathematical modeling language. Some relevant results are reported.Publicad
Study on Mechanical Relaxations of 7075 (Al–Zn–Mg) and 2024 (Al–Cu–Mg) Alloys by Application of the Time-Temperature Superposition Principle
The viscoelastic response of commercial Al–Zn–Mg and Al–Cu–Mg alloys was measured with a dynamic-mechanical analyzer (DMA) as a function of the temperature (from 30 to 425ºC) and the loading frequency (from 0.01 to 150 Hz). The time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle has proven to be useful in studying mechanical relaxations and obtaining master curves for amorphous materials. In this work, the TTS principle is applied to the measured viscoelastic data (i.e., the storage and loss moduli) to obtain the corresponding master curves, and to analyze the mechanical relaxations responsible for the viscoelastic behavior of the studied alloys. For the storage modulus it was possible to identify a master curve for a low-temperature region (from room temperature to 150ºC) and, for the storage and loss moduli, another master curve for a high-temperature region (from 320 to 375ºC). These temperature regions are coincidental with the stable intervals where no phase transformations occur. The different temperature dependencies of the shift factors for the identified master curves, manifested by different values of the activation energy in the Arrhenius expressions for the shift factor, are due to the occurrence of microstructural changes and variations in the relaxation mechanisms between the mentioned temperature regions.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
Caracterización de acuÃferos mediante testificación geofÃsica e imágenes 3D en los sondeos de investigación Almera-1 y Almera-2, en el entorno urbano de la ciudad de Barcelona
Logging, borehole imaging and monitoring carried out in the scientific boreholes Almera-1 and Almera-2 in the Pedralbes campus of the University of Barcelona has allowed us to identify three preferential groundwater flow paths. Geophysical logging data combined with groundwater monitoring levels allowed us to identify three high permeable zones in the boreholes. Logging data combined with core analysis were used to characterize the aquifers lithology and petrophysical properties. We compared the groundwater measured levels and the rainfall in the area to identify and characterize aquifer dynamics and potential relationships between the variations in groundwater levels and the rainfalls.Proyecto: PNIDI-CGL2010-21568Peer Reviewe
EconomÃa circular y gestión de residuos en Guayaquil
Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Ciencia e TecnoloxÃa Ambiental. 5006V01[Resumen] La transición hacia una sociedad más sostenible es una tarea compleja. El agotamiento de los recursos naturales y la generación de desechos tantos sólidos y lÃquidos no pueden sostenerse indefinidamente, es decir, a medida que aumentan los desechos, los vertederos locales siguen creciendo, las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales sobre trabajan para poder eliminar las grasas y aceites y la disponibilidad de tierras se reduce. Contribuidores importantes al flujo de residuos son los plásticos y el aceite quemado de cocina. Sin embargo, el conocimiento sobre la cuantificación, caracterización y manejo de estos desechos posconsumo es pobre en el paÃs, y existe una falta de eficiencia en la recolección y clasificación de los mismos. Es reconocido que las personas somos los mayores generadores de residuos y es una condición necesaria desarrollar buenas actitudes y comportamientos pro-ambientales. Para ello, tener una idea sobre la ideologÃa polÃtica que mueve a las personas es un primer paso en el desarrollo de proyectos de ley. El presente trabajo ofrece tres estudios relacionados a los puntos antes tratados. EL primero de ellos analiza el proceso de reciclaje del poliestireno expandido y sus impactos ambientales. El segundo estudia la relación entre la ideologÃa polÃtica y las actitudes y comportamientos pro-ambientales, y finalmente el último trabajo, ofrece una cuantificación, georreferenciación y modelado del aceite quemado de cocina de casas de la ciudad de Guayaquil. Adicionalmente la presente tesis entrega un resumen extendido en el anexo 1 y un total de 15 apéndices que representan todo el trabajo realizado durante los años del presente doctorado.[Abstract] The transition to a more sustainable society is a complex task. The depletion of natural resources and the generation of both solid and liquid waste cannot be sustained indefinitely, that is, as waste increases, local landfills continue to grow, sewage treatment plants overwork to remove fats and oils and the availability of land is reduced. Important contributors to the waste stream are plastics and burnt cooking oil. However, knowledge about the quantification, characterization and management of this post-consumer waste is poor in the country, and there is a lack of efficiency in collecting and classifying it. It is recognized that people are the largest generators of waste and it is a necessary condition to develop good attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors. For this, having an idea about the political ideology that moves people is a first step in the development of bills. This paper offers three studies related to the points discussed above. The first of them analyzes the recycling process of expanded polystyrene and its environmental impacts. The second studies the relationship between political ideology and pro-environmental attitudes and behaviors, and finally the last work offers a quantification, georeferencing, and modeling of the oil burned from cooking in houses in the city of Guayaquil. Additionally, this thesis provides an extended summary in Annex 1 and a total of 15 appendices that represent all the work carried out during the years of this doctorate.[Resumo] A transición a unha sociedade máis sostible é unha tarefa complexa. O esgotamento dos recursos naturais e a xeración de residuos tanto sólidos como lÃquidos non se pode soster indefinidamente, é dicir, a medida que aumentan os residuos, os vertedoiros locais seguen
crecendo, as depuradoras sobrecargan o traballo para eliminar graxas e aceites e redúcese a dispoñibilidade de terreos. Os plásticos e o aceite de cociña queimado son importantes contribuÃntes ao fluxo de residuos. Non obstante, o coñecemento sobre a cuantificación, caracterización e xestión deste residuo posconsumo é escaso no paÃs, e existe unha falta de eficiencia na súa recollida e clasificación. Recoñécese que as persoas son as maiores xeradoras de residuos e é condición necesaria para desenvolver boas actitudes e comportamentos favorables ao medio ambiente. Para iso, ter unha idea sobre a ideoloxÃa polÃtica que move á xente é un primeiro paso no desenvolvemento das contas. Este traballo ofrece tres estudos relacionados cos puntos comentados anteriormente. O primeiro deles analiza o proceso de reciclaxe do poliestireno expandido e os seus impactos ambientais. O segundo estuda a relación entre a ideoloxÃa polÃtica e as actitudes e comportamentos a favor do medio ambiente, e finalmente o último traballo ofrece unha cuantificación, xeorreferenciación e modelización do aceite queimado na cocción nas vivendas da cidade de Guayaquil. Ademais, esta tese ofrece un resumo ampliado no anexo 1 e un total de 15 anexos que representan todo o traballo realizado durante os anos de doutoramento
After-sales services optimisation through dynamic opportunistic maintenance: a wind energy case study
After-sales maintenance services can be a very profitable source of incomes for original equipment manufacturers (OEM) due to the increasing interest of assets’ users on performance-based contracts. However, when it concerns the product value-adding process, OEM have traditionally been more focused on improving their production processes, rather than on complementing their products by offering after-sales services; consequently leading to difficulties in offering them efficiently. Furthermore, both due to the high uncertainty of the assets’ behaviour and the inherent challenges of managing the maintenance process (e.g. maintenance strategy to be followed or resources to be deployed), it is complex to make business out of the provision of after-sales services. With the aim of helping the business and maintenance decision makers at this point, this paper proposes a framework for optimising the incomes of after-sales maintenance services through: 1) implementing advanced multi-objective opportunistic maintenance strategies that sistematically consider the assets’ operational context in order to perform preventive maintenance during most favourable conditions, 2) considering the specific OEMs’ and users’ needs, and 3) assessing both internal and external uncertainties that might condition the after-sales services’ success. The developed case study for the wind energy sector demonstrates the suitability of the presented framework for optimising the after-sales services.EU Framework Programme Horizon 2020, MSCA-RISE-2014: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange (RISE) (grant agreement number 645733- Sustain-Owner-H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014) and the EmaitekPlus 2016-2017 Program of the Basque Government
Antoni Muntadas. Videocreación e instalación audiovisual
En el presente ensayo se da cuenta de la importancia que tiene la obra del artista catalán Antoni Muntadas en el Arte contemporáneo. También se da un repaso por sus obras más importantes, asà como de aspectos teórcos y caracterÃsticas que las componen
El impacto de los sucesos imprevistos en la imagen pública de los gobiernos españoles
El presente trabajo analiza el impacto que la valoración de la gestión de sucesos imprevistos (tales como Roldán, el Prestige o la guerra de Irak) tienen en la popularidad del gobierno central español. Con una revisión extensa de la literatura, y tomando datos del CIS (1993-2006) asà como del Instituto Nacional de EstadÃstica, esta investigación muestra que a los ciudadanos españoles, cuando valoran al gobierno central (tanto a su lÃder como la gestión de gobierno), les pesa cómo se comporta un gobierno ante los sucesos imprevistos; muestra, además, que estas evaluaciones no se realizan de manera tan partidista como cabrÃa esperar. Ofrece, por último, algunas consecuencias operativas para la comunicación de gobiernos ante situaciones de crisis.This article analyzes the impact on government approval of the governmental management of unexpected events (such as natural disasters, terrorist attacks or scandals). Through an in depth review of the literature, and based upon data from the Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (the Spanish National Institute for Public Opinion Analysis), as well as upon data from the National Institute on Statistics, this research shows that Spanish citizens, when assessing the central government, take into account how the government performs at specific unexpected events; it also shows that party allegiances do not hold the key to explain these assessments. This article also draws on some practical consequences for government communication
Difusión en lÃnea y preservación del documento sonoro: la fonoteca SONM
This paper is a revision of the activities undertaken by the Sound Library of Experimental Music an Sound Arts (SONM), a documentary initiative focused on the transmission and production of creative sound contents. This Project was stablished in the Puertas de Castilla Cultural Center in Murcia, Spain from the private collection of the artist and phonographist Francisco López. The virtual platform of the document storage can be seen on the internet site sonmarchive.es, it is particularly interesting because of its international extent.Se hace un repaso a las actividades emprendidas por la Fonoteca de Música Experimental y Arte Sonoro (SONM), una iniciativa documental centrada en la trasmisión y producción de contenidos sonoros creativos. Dicho proyecto se estableció en el Centro Cultural Puertas de Castilla (Murcia, España) a partir de la colección privada del artista y fonografista Francisco López. La plataforma virtualdel archivo, visible en la página electrónica sonmarchive.es, resulta de particular interés por su alcance internacional
Casa Metro en el Parque Bicentenario sistema metodológico de leyes y reglas de Louis Kahn
A Casa Metro is a place that offers services and points where Quito´s youth can learn, practice and enjoy cultural, communicative and art activities.
In nowadays there are 4 Casas Metro around the city: in Down Town, in Quitumbe, in Chimbacalle and Calderón. This is why this project has been placed in the Bicentenary’s Park. Around the zone there are 45 high schools, it means that there are 18.496 students from 13 to 18 years old who will enjoy this equipment.
It has been used the work´s methodology from the architect Louis Kahn. He has established that laws are universal, and they represent the what. Rules are specific and they search the how. This way, the Project has been design with laws and rules, to give the coherence each part needs, answering the founded problems.
The idea is to create flexible spaces, letting the architecture change depending specific uses. Another important point is to design spaces where the students can expose their works and living rooms where they can handout freely always taking advantage of the view to the park.La Casa Metro es un espacio que ofrece y proporciona actividades, servicios y eventos de encuentro, diálogo y estudio y ejecución de proyectos a través de los cuales las y los jóvenes de Quito con sus propias identidades, expresiones y diversidades tienen la oportunidad para encontrarse de manera creativa y solidaria. En la actualidad la ciudad cuenta con 4 Casa Metro en: el Centro de Quito, Quitumbe, Chimbacalle y Calderón. Es por esto que se ha decidido implementar este proyecto en el nuevo Parque Bicentenario. En la zona están establecidos 45 colegios, es decir, 18.496 estudiantes de 13 a 18 años que aprovecharán de su tiempo libre en este establecimiento.
Al estudiar el sistema metodológico de trabajo de Louis Kahn y entender a la perfección a las leyes como lo universal, representando el qué y a las reglas formuladas como lo especÃfico, buscando el cómo; se ha diseñado el proyecto siguiendo los parámetros propuestos por el proyecto del Parque Bicentenario.
La idea es crear flexibilidad en los espacios y que la arquitectura se transforme dependiendo del uso. Otro punto importante es diseñar espacios de encuentro como galerÃas para exposiciones y salas de estar donde los jóvenes puedan interactuar libremente siempre aprovechando la vista hacia el parque
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