Proton-proton bremsstrahlung and elastic nucleon-nucleon scattering : relativistic formulations

De studie van de sterke wisselwerking tussen kerndeeltjes (nucleonen, dat wil zeggen protonen en neutronen) is binnen de kernfysica een actief onderzoeksveld geweest vanaf de vroege jaren dertig van de vorige eeuw. Sinds ongeveer 30 jaar weten we dat de fundamentele theorie van de sterke wisselwerking de quantumkleurdynamica, 'quantum chromodynamics' of QCD, is. ... Zie: Samenvatting

INCIDENȚA ŞI URMĂRIREA ENDOSCOPICĂ A DISPLAZIEI, CANCERULUI COLORECTAL ȘI A POLIPILOR ADENOMATOȘI LA PACIENȚII CU COLITĂ ULCERATIVĂ

INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, which is characterized by a chronic recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Patients with UC have a high risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). In the UC, malignization is produced by dysplasia.THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY was to establish the incidence of adenomatous polyps, stenoses, dysplasia and CRC in patients with UC who were being monitored at Mureş County Clinical Hospital.MATERIAL AND METHOD: We have performed an observational prospective study on a batch of 47 patients who were being monitored at our clinic in the period January 2007 – December 2011. The UC diagnosis was established based on symptomatology, colonoscopy and by histopathological analysis. The data were processed by means of statistic instruments in Excel (Microsoft Excel 2003).RESULTS: In the period January 2007 – December 2011 there were 160 patients with UC under our clinic monitoring. According to the disease evolution, 99 patients (62%) had a < 5 years evolution, 48 patients (30%) between 5 and 10 years, and 13 patients (8%) over 10 years. From the total of 160 patients in the study were included 47. About 27 (57%) were men and 20 (43%) women, with an average age of 47,193 years. The presence of low-grade dysplasia was identified in 2 patients (4.25%), high-grade dysplasia was identified in 1 patient (2.12%) and  CRC was identified in 2 patients (4.25%). For these patients the therapeutic indication was surgical intervention.Conclusions: The correct approach in preventing CRC in UC should cover a clinical follow-up with regular visits, an intensive control of the activity of the disease by medical treatment associated with endoscopic monitoring of biopsy sampling. The purpose of the colonoscopic monitoring consists in detecting the preneoplasic lesions before the malign transformation. Thus, the detection and management of dysplastic lesions is a crucial element in reducing death rate by CRC. Keywords:  Ulcerative colitis, Low-grade dysplasia, High-grade dysplasia, Colorectal cancer, Endoscopy, Colectomy. INTRODUCERE: Colita ulcerativă (CU) este o afecțiune inflamatorie intestinală idiopatică, care se caracterizează prin inflamaţie cronică recurentă a mucoasei intestinale. Pacienții cu CU au un risc crescut de a dezvolta cancer colorectal (CCR). În CU, malignizarea se produce prin intermediul unei leziuni premaligne – displazia. SCOPUL STUDIULUI a fost de a stabili incidența polipilor adenomatoși, a stenozelor, a displaziei și a CCR la pacienții cu CU aflați în dispensarizarea Spitalului Clinic Județean Mureș.MATERIAL ȘI METODĂ: Am efectuat un studiu prospectiv, observațional, pe un lot de 47 pacienți aflați în dispensarizarea Spitalului Clinic Județean Mureș, în perioada ianuarie 2007 -  decembrie 2011. Diagnosticul de CU a fost stabilit în baza simptomatologiei, a colonoscopiei și a examenului histopatologic. Datele au fost procesate cu ajutorul software-ului MO Excel 2003.REZULTATE: În dispensarizarea clinicii noastre, în perioada ianuarie 2007 – decembrie 2011, s-au aflat 160 pacienți cu CU. În funcție de evoluția bolii, 99 (62%) au avut o evoluție < 5 ani, 48 (30%) între 5 și 10 ani, iar 13 (8%) peste 10 ani. Din totalul de 160 pacienți în studiu au fost incluși 47. Circa 27 (57%) au fost bărbați și 20 (43%) femei, cu vârsta medie de 47,2 ani. Prezența displaziei de grad  scăzut a fost identificată la 2 pacienți (4,25 %), displazie de grad înalt a fost identificată la 1 pacient (2,12 %), iar CCR a fost identificat la 2 pacienți (4,25 %). La acești pacienți, indicația terapeutică a fost de intervenție chirurgicală.CONCLUZII: Abordarea corectă în prevenirea CCR în CU ar trebui să cuprindă o dispensarizare clinică cu vizite regulate, un control intensiv al activității bolii prin tratament medical în asociere cu o supraveghere endoscopică cu prelevare de biopsii. Scopul supravegherii colonoscopice constă în detectarea leziunilor preneoplazice înaintea transformării maligne. Astfel, depistarea și managementul leziunilor displazice este un element crucial în scăderea mortalității prin CCR. Cuvinte cheie: Colită ulcerativă, displazie de grad jos, displazie de grad înalt, Cancer colorectal, Endoscopie, Colectomie

Antiparasitic Action of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> ATCC 393 and <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> CNCM Strains in CD-1 Mice Experimentally Infected with <i>Trichinella britovi</i>

Nematodes of the genus Trichinella are among the most widespread parasites of domestic and wild omnivores and predatory animals. The present study aimed to evaluate the antiparasitic effect of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (original) and L. paracasei CNCM in CD-1 mice experimentally infected with Trichinella britovi. Four groups of 20 mice (10 females and 10 males/group) were used, with two control (C) groups and two experimental (E) groups, in which each animal received a daily oral dose of 100 µL of 105 CFU/mL probiotics in Ringer’s solution. On day 7, all mice (except the negative control group) were infected orally with Trichinella (100 larvae/animal) as well as the two probiotics. On day 9 post-infection (p.i.), 10 mice/group were euthanized, and the presence of adult parasites in the intestinal content and wall was tested. On day 32 p.i., 10 mice/group were euthanized, then trichinoscopy and artificial digestion were performed to assess the muscle infection with T. britovi. On day 9 p.i., the experimental group pretreated with L. casei ATCC 393 (6.3 ± 3.03) showed a significantly lower number of adult parasites in the intestinal wall compared with the positive control group (24.6 ± 4.78). Additionally, a significantly lower adult parasite count in the intestinal wall was registered in female mice pretreated with L. paracasei CNCM (7.4 ± 4.71) compared to female mice from the positive control (29.0 ± 5.17). No statistically relevant results were obtained concerning the male mice or the data obtained at 32 days p.i., irrespective of mice gender

The ASY-EOS Experiment at GSI

The elliptic-flow ratio of neutrons with respect to protons or light complex particles in reactions of heavy ions at pre-relativistic energies has been proposed as an observable sensitive to the strength of the symmetry term of the nuclear equation of state at supra-saturation densities. In the ASY-EOS experiment at the GSI laboratory, flows of neutrons and light charged particles were measured for 197Au+197Au collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon. Flow results obtained for the Au+Au system, in comparison with predictions of the UrQMD transport model, confirm the moderately soft to linear density dependence of the symmetry energy deduced from the earlier FOPI-LAND data

Dense Nuclear Matter Equation of State from Heavy-Ion Collisions

The nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS

Dense nuclear matter equation of state from heavy-ion collisions

International audienceThe nuclear equation of state (EOS) is at the center of numerous theoretical and experimental efforts in nuclear physics. With advances in microscopic theories for nuclear interactions, the availability of experiments probing nuclear matter under conditions not reached before, endeavors to develop sophisticated and reliable transport simulations to interpret these experiments, and the advent of multi-messenger astronomy, the next decade will bring new opportunities for determining the nuclear matter EOS, elucidating its dependence on density, temperature, and isospin asymmetry. Among controlled terrestrial experiments, collisions of heavy nuclei at intermediate beam energies (from a few tens of MeV/nucleon to about 25 GeV/nucleon in the fixed-target frame) probe the widest ranges of baryon density and temperature, enabling studies of nuclear matter from a few tenths to about 5 times the nuclear saturation density and for temperatures from a few to well above a hundred MeV, respectively. Collisions of neutron-rich isotopes further bring the opportunity to probe effects due to the isospin asymmetry. However, capitalizing on the enormous scientific effort aimed at uncovering the dense nuclear matter EOS, both at RHIC and at FRIB as well as at other international facilities, depends on the continued development of state-of-the-art hadronic transport simulations. This white paper highlights the essential role that heavy-ion collision experiments and hadronic transport simulations play in understanding strong interactions in dense nuclear matter, with an emphasis on how these efforts can be used together with microscopic approaches and neutron star studies to uncover the nuclear EOS