A place for unfinished memories

Skriftlig del av masterprosjekt. Avdeling Kunst og håndverk, 202

Resource allocation model for sensor clouds under the sensing as a service paradigm

The Sensing as a Service is emerging as a new Internet of Things (IoT) business model for sensors and data sharing in the cloud. Under this paradigm, a resource allocation model for the assignment of both sensors and cloud resources to clients/applications is proposed. This model, contrarily to previous approaches, is adequate for emerging IoT Sensing as a Service business models supporting multi-sensing applications and mashups of Things in the cloud. A heuristic algorithm is also proposed having this model as a basis. Results show that the approach is able to incorporate strategies that lead to the allocation of fewer devices, while selecting the most adequate ones for application needs.FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) from Portugal within CEOT (Center for Electronic, Optoelectronic and Telecommunications) UID/MULTI/00631/2019info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Allocation of resources in SAaaS Clouds managing thing mashups

The sensing and actuation as-a-service is an emerging business model to make sensors, actuators and data from the Internet of Things more attainable to everyday consumer. With the increase in the number of accessible Things, mashups can be created to combine services/data from one or multiple Things with services/data from virtual Web resources. These may involve complex tasks, with high computation requirements, and for this reason cloud infrastructures are envisaged as the most appropriate solution for storage and processing. This means that cloud-based services should be prepared to manage Thing mashups. Mashup management within the cloud allows not only the optimization of resources but also the reduction of the delay associated with data travel between client applications and the cloud. In this article, an optimization model is developed for the optimal allocation of resources in clouds under the sensing and actuation as-a-service paradigm. A heuristic algorithm is also proposed to quickly solve the problem.FCT (Foundation for Science and Technology) from Portugal within CEOT (Center for Electronic, Optoelectronic and Telecommunications) [UID/MULTI/00631/2020]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Descolonizar el territorio

La vuelta territorial en América Latina ha resultado en la restitución de más de 200 millones de hectáreas de tierra a comunidades Indígenas y Afrodescendientes desde los años noventa. Aunque la vuelta territorial ha proporcionado una solución jurídica a muchas reivindicaciones de tierras Indígenas demarcando legalmente derechos a la propiedad comunitaria, el título no necesariamente resuelve disputas territoriales. Tal es el caso de la comunidad Aché de Kue Tuvy ubicada en la zona fronteriza Paraguay-Brasil que logró título colectivo solo para confrontarse constantemente con desafíos (extra)legales a sus derechos territoriales. A partir de la investigación cualitativa con Kue Tuvy, datos de origen secundario y debates sobre distintas epistemologías territoriales de académicos latinoamericanos y angloparlantes, analizo los efectos fundamentados en la política de la vuelta territorial con atención a las luchas que preceden la vuelta y los conflictos inquietantes que siguen la emisión del título. El artículo muestra cómo se desarrolla la vuelta territorial en el lugar, no simplemente como producto de reformas neoliberal, sino como esfuerzos Indígenas de descolonizar territorio para crear espacios comunales para un futuro más justo. Sostengo que los ensamblajes territoriales nunca son terminados, como las luchas por la justicia Indígena no terminan con la restitución territorial.  The territorial turn in Latin America has resulted in the restitution of more than 200 million hectares of land to Indigenous and Afro-descendant communities since the 1990s. While the territorial turn has provided a juridical solution to numerous Indigenous land claims by legally demarcating collective property rights, title does not necessarily resolve territorial disputes. Such is the case with the Kue Tuvy Aché community in the Paraguay-Brazil borderlands that successfully won collective title only to be continually confronted with (extra-)legal challenges to their hard-won land rights. Drawing from qualitative research with Kue Tuvy community members, secondary-source data, and scholarship on territorial epistemologies from Latin American and Anglophone scholars, I analyze the grounded effects of territorial turn politics with attention to struggles that precede the turn and the conflicts that follow issuance of title. The paper shows how the territorial turn plays out in place, not merely as the product of neoliberal political economic reforms but as Indigenous efforts to unsettle territory to create communal spaces for more just futures. I argue that territorial assemblages are never finished, just as struggles for Indigenous justice do not end with territorial restitution.La vuelta territorial en América Latina ha resultado en la restitución de más de 200 millones de hectáreas de tierra a comunidades Indígenas y Afrodescendientes desde los años noventa. Aunque la vuelta territorial ha proporcionado una solución jurídica a muchas reivindicaciones de tierras Indígenas demarcando legalmente derechos a la propiedad comunitaria, el título no necesariamente resuelve disputas territoriales. Tal es el caso de la comunidad Aché de Kue Tuvy ubicada en la zona fronteriza Paraguay-Brasil que logró título colectivo solo para confrontarse constantemente con desafíos (extra)legales a sus derechos territoriales. A partir de la investigación cualitativa con Kue Tuvy, datos de origen secundario y debates sobre distintas epistemologías territoriales de académicos latinoamericanos y angloparlantes, analizo los efectos fundamentados en la política de la vuelta territorial con atención a las luchas que preceden la vuelta y los conflictos inquietantes que siguen la emisión del título. El artículo muestra cómo se desarrolla la vuelta territorial en el lugar, no simplemente como producto de reformas neoliberal, sino como esfuerzos Indígenas de descolonizar territorio para crear espacios comunales para un futuro más justo. Sostengo que los ensamblajes territoriales nunca son terminados, como las luchas por la justicia Indígena no terminan con la restitución territorial.

Descolonizar el territorio: Movilizaciones indígenas, el giro territorial y los límites del derecho a la tierra en la zona fronteriza entre Paraguay y Brasil

The territorial turn in Latin America has resulted in the restitution of more than 200 million hectares of land to Indigenous and Afro-descendant communities since the 1990s. While the territorial turn has provided a juridical solution to numerous Indigenous land claims by legally demarcating collective property rights, title does not necessarily resolve territorial disputes. Such is the case with the Kue Tuvy Aché community in the Paraguay-Brazil borderlands that successfully won collective title only to be continually confronted with (extra-)legal challenges to their hard-won land rights. Drawing from qualitative research with Kue Tuvy community members, secondary-source data, and scholarship on territorial epistemologies from Latin American and Anglophone scholars, I analyze the grounded effects of territorial turn politics with attention to struggles that precede the turn and the conflicts that follow issuance of title. The paper shows how the territorial turn plays out in place, not merely as the product of neoliberal political economic reforms but as Indigenous efforts to unsettle territory to create communal spaces for more just futures. I argue that territorial assemblages are never finished, just as struggles for Indigenous justice do not end with territorial restitution.La vuelta territorial en América Latina ha resultado en la restitución de más de 200 millones de hectáreas de tierra a comunidades Indígenas y Afrodescendientes desde los años noventa. Aunque la vuelta territorial ha proporcionado una solución jurídica a muchas reivindicaciones de tierras Indígenas demarcando legalmente derechos a la propiedad comunitaria, el título no necesariamente resuelve disputas territoriales. Tal es el caso de la comunidad Aché de Kue Tuvy ubicada en la zona fronteriza Paraguay-Brasil que logró título colectivo solo para confrontarse constantemente con desafíos (extra)legales a sus derechos territoriales. A partir de la investigación cualitativa con Kue Tuvy, datos de origen secundario y debates sobre distintas epistemologías territoriales de académicos latinoamericanos y angloparlantes, analizo los efectos fundamentados en la política de la vuelta territorial con atención a las luchas que preceden la vuelta y los conflictos inquietantes que siguen la emisión del título. El artículo muestra cómo se desarrolla la vuelta territorial en el lugar, no simplemente como producto de reformas neoliberal, sino como esfuerzos Indígenas de descolonizar territorio para crear espacios comunales para un futuro más justo. Sostengo que los ensamblajes territoriales nunca son terminados, como las luchas por la justicia Indígena no terminan con la restitución territorial.

Adjudication and Its Aftereffects in Three Inter-American Court Cases Brought against Paraguay: Indigenous Land Rights

This paper examines three Inter-American Court (IACtHR) cases on behalf of the Enxet-Sur and Sanapana claims for communal territory in Paraguay. I argue that while the adjudication of the cases was successful, the aftereffects of adjudication have produced new legal geographies that threaten to undermine the advances made by adjudication. Structured in five parts, the paper begins with an overview of the opportunities and challenges to Indigenous rights in Paraguay followed by a detailed discussion of the adjudication of the Yakye Axa, Sawhoyamaxa, and Xákmok Kásek cases. Next, I draw from extensive ethnographic research investigating these cases in Paraguay to consider how implementation actually takes place and with what effects on the three claimant communities. The paper encourages a discussion between geographers and legal scholars, suggesting that adjudication only leads to greater social justice if it is coupled with effective and meaningful implementation

Book Review: Limits to Decolonization: Indigeneity, Territory, and Hydrocarbon Politics in the Bolivian Chaco

This book review symposium critically evaluates Penelope Anthias’ recent text Limits to Decolonization: Indigeneity, Territory, and Hydrocarbon Politics in the Bolivian Chaco (Cornell University Press 2018). Through deep ethnographic attention, Anthias’ text evaluates Indigenous struggles for territory in the context of “post-neoliberal” Bolivia under the Evo Morales administration, showing the variegated and nuanced politics of autonomy in an era of hydrocarbon extraction and increasingly contradictory state-Indigenous relations. The text examines the “limits” of rights and state-led territorial titling processes to radically challenge the racialized extractive geographies that shape the Bolivian Chaco region. In so doing, Anthias’ ethnography provides a rich analysis of how Guaraní Indigenous peoples are reshaping their relations with non-Indigenous landowners and the hydrocarbon industry to advance new forms of territorial autonomy and self-determination with significant ramifications on Indigenous studies in Latin America. This book review symposium draws from a session at the 2019 American Association of Geographers Conference, featuring two leading geographers who share their critical readings of Limits to Decolonization with a conclusion by Anthias that responds to the written reviews

Transcodificação em tempo real de vídeo digital H.264 para codecs de nova geração

A utilização do vídeo digital tem crescido bastante nos últimos anos em diversos dispositivos. A oferta e a procura de conteúdos audiovisuais com mais qualidade devem-se muito às melhorias significativas no poder de processamento nos diversos dispositivos e ao aumento da largura de banda na Internet. A utilização de codecs de vídeo torna-se inevitável para tornar a transmissão de vídeo digital mais eficiente. O codec de vídeo H.264 continua ainda hoje a ser utilizado em diversas plataformas relacionadas com o vídeo, sendo que em alguns casos é sacrificada a qualidade de vídeo para preservar a largura de banda utilizada. Novos codecs de vídeo surgiram após o H.264 para ultrapassarem problemas que este não consegue solucionar face às exigências atuais. Este trabalho analisa detalhadamente os codecs de vídeo H.265, VP9 e AV1 que visam substituir o H.264 no âmbito de transmissões televisivas através da implementação de um sistema apto para processar em tempo real as streams produzidas pelos estúdios de televisão, com o objetivo de reduzir a largura de banda necessária para a transmissão de conteúdos audiovisuais sem sacrificar a qualidade de vídeo. Propõe-se a implementação de um sistema que transcodifica as streams de vídeo enviadas pelos estúdios de televisão para codecs de vídeo mais recentes ao invés de substituir os equipamentos necessários em cada estação televisiva. Esta implementação detalha técnicas e ferramentas de software utilizadas num protótipo experimental, seguindo-se uma fase de testes realizados para validar o propósito da utilização deste tipo de sistema. No final, conclui-se que a utilização deste sistema permite em alguns casos reduzir o débito binário do mesmo vídeo de forma considerável, mantendo o mesmo nível de qualidade de imagem.The use of digital video has grown considerably in recent years in various devices. The supply and demand for higher-quality audiovisual content is due to significant improvements in the processing power of the various devices and the increase in bandwidth on the Internet. The use of video codecs becomes inevitable to make digital video transmission more efficient. The H.264 video codec is still used in several platforms related to the video, and in some cases the quality of video is sacrificed to preserve the bandwidth. New video codecs have emerged after H.264 to overcome problems that it can’t solve today. This work analyzes in detail the video codecs H.265, VP9 and AV1 that aim to replace the H.264 in the scope of television transmissions through the implementation of a system able to process in real time the streams produced by the television studios, with the objective to reduce the bandwidth required for the transmission of audiovisual content without sacrificing video quality. It is proposed to implement a system that transcodes video streams sent by video studios to newer video codecs instead of replacing the necessary equipment on each television station. This implementation details techniques and software tools used in an experimental prototype, followed by a phase of tests performed to validate the purpose of the use of this type of system. In the end, it is concluded that the use of this system allows in some cases to reduce the bitrate of the same video while maintaining the same level of image quality

Transcodificação em tempo real de vídeo digital H.264 para codecs de nova geração

A utilização do vídeo digital tem crescido bastante nos últimos anos em diversos dispositivos. A oferta e a procura de conteúdos audiovisuais com mais qualidade devem-se muito às melhorias significativas no poder de processamento nos diversos dispositivos e ao aumento da largura de banda na Internet. A utilização de codecs de vídeo torna-se inevitável para tornar a transmissão de vídeo digital mais eficiente. O codec de vídeo H.264 continua ainda hoje a ser utilizado em diversas plataformas relacionadas com o vídeo, sendo que em alguns casos é sacrificada a qualidade de vídeo para preservar a largura de banda utilizada. Novos codecs de vídeo surgiram após o H.264 para ultrapassarem problemas que este não consegue solucionar face às exigências atuais. Este trabalho analisa detalhadamente os codecs de vídeo H.265, VP9 e AV1 que visam substituir o H.264 no âmbito de transmissões televisivas através da implementação de um sistema apto para processar em tempo real as streams produzidas pelos estúdios de televisão, com o objetivo de reduzir a largura de banda necessária para a transmissão de conteúdos audiovisuais sem sacrificar a qualidade de vídeo. Propõe-se a implementação de um sistema que transcodifica as streams de vídeo enviadas pelos estúdios de televisão para codecs de vídeo mais recentes ao invés de substituir os equipamentos necessários em cada estação televisiva. Esta implementação detalha técnicas e ferramentas de software utilizadas num protótipo experimental, seguindo-se uma fase de testes realizados para validar o propósito da utilização deste tipo de sistema. No final, conclui-se que a utilização deste sistema permite em alguns casos reduzir o débito binário do mesmo vídeo de forma considerável, mantendo o mesmo nível de qualidade de imagem.The use of digital video has grown considerably in recent years in various devices. The supply and demand for higher-quality audiovisual content is due to significant improvements in the processing power of the various devices and the increase in bandwidth on the Internet. The use of video codecs becomes inevitable to make digital video transmission more efficient. The H.264 video codec is still used in several platforms related to the video, and in some cases the quality of video is sacrificed to preserve the bandwidth. New video codecs have emerged after H.264 to overcome problems that it can’t solve today. This work analyzes in detail the video codecs H.265, VP9 and AV1 that aim to replace the H.264 in the scope of television transmissions through the implementation of a system able to process in real time the streams produced by the television studios, with the objective to reduce the bandwidth required for the transmission of audiovisual content without sacrificing video quality. It is proposed to implement a system that transcodes video streams sent by video studios to newer video codecs instead of replacing the necessary equipment on each television station. This implementation details techniques and software tools used in an experimental prototype, followed by a phase of tests performed to validate the purpose of the use of this type of system. In the end, it is concluded that the use of this system allows in some cases to reduce the bitrate of the same video while maintaining the same level of image quality