Is residential energy consumption a key driver of final energy consumption changes in Andalucia?

The economic expansion period during 2000-2008 was accompanied by an important increase of energy consumption in Andalusia. The desire of decoupling between both of them, has led us to carry out a structural decomposition analysis (SDA) based on the Andalusia input-output tables. Additionally, this decomposition has been supplemented by a Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) analysis of the energy consumption changes during a longer period 2000-2013. Therefore, the novelty of this paper is found in the following aspects: i) the structural decomposition of the final energy consumption changes is applied on the largest disaggregation of sectors made until now for the Andalusian economy (73 productive sectors) during the period 2000-2008; ii) the LMDI analysis provide results for a longer period (2000-2013) and allows us to compare the two decomposition approaches; iii) both decompositions analyse the residential and productive energy consumption changes, iv) the analysis provides a better understanding of the energy sources that are behind the driving forces; and v) based on the above results, some energy policy recommendations are provided

LMDI decomposition analysis of energy efficiency in Andalusia (Spain) during 2003-2011

The aim of this paper is to analyse the changes in final energy consumption in Andalusia through logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) decomposition analysis during the period 2003–2012. The results lead us to conclude that a reduction of final energy (FE) consumption of 1 % took place as a result of a diminishing in structural effect by 11 % and an increase in the activity effect and intensity effect by 7.4 and 3.5 %, respectively. Chain-linked LMDI decomposition shows the existence of two sub-periods, with a turning point in 2008. The first period, coinciding to a great extent with the Andalusian Energy Plan 2003–2006 (PLEAN), showed an increase in final energy consumption, mostly due to the activity effect but also to the intensity effect. The second period, coinciding with the implementation of the Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan 2007–2013 (PASENER), shows a reduction in the activity, structure and intensity effects. The results allow us to conclude that many of the energy efficiency measures, implemented through the PASENER, are related to sectors that experienced a decline in energy consumption due to the intensity effect, such as transport, primary and service sectors. Additionally, although they were included in PASENER, more policy attention should be given to the energy transformation, residential and industrial sectors which increased the demand for energy due to the intensity effect during this period. Finally, the energy-saving behaviour of economic agents due to the economic downturn should also be considered as an explanation for the diminishing in energy consumption during this sub-period.Junta de Andalucía SEJ 132Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad ECO2014-56399-RMinisterio de Educación (Chile) 115002

Análisis de los determinantes del uso de la demanda de energía en España y Andalucía

El objetivo principal de esta tesis doctoral es analizar los factores que han resultado determinantes de la variación del consumo de energía final en España y Andalucía en el periodo 2000-2013. Se han utilizado dos metodologías de descomposición, el método de Indice Divisia LMDI-I y el método de descomposición estructural SDA, permitiéndonos detectar la influencia de nueve factores: la actividad, la estructura económica, la población, el número de vehículos, la productividad laboral, el nivel de vida, la intensidad energética, el consumo de energía por población y por vehículos. El presente trabajo aporta como novedades: i) se ha considerado el consumo de energía final de toda la economía española y andaluza (sectores económicos y los hogares), incluyendo el autoconsumo del sector transformación de energía, ii) el consumo de los hogares se ha desagregado en residencial y transporte privado. iii) la descomposición estructural del consumo de energía final se aplica a 73 ramas de actividad (mayor desagregación conocida), iv) el efecto intensidad energética se ha medido tanto desde un punto de vista macroeconómico como físico, evitando así la posible alteración de aspectos macroeconómicos relacionados con la definición del PIB, v) el análisis de la intensidad energética física nos ha permitido incluir la influencia de dos nuevos efectos: la productividad laboral de los sectores productivos y el nivel de vida de los hogares, vi) se analiza los efectos de la descomposición sobre las distintas fuentes energéticas. El primer resultado de nuestro trabajo nos lleva a concluir la existencia de acoplamiento entre la actividad de la economía española y andaluza y el consumo de energía. En el periodo de expansión de la economía hemos comprobado mediante análisis SDA que el efecto intensidad es determinante a la hora de reducir el consumo de energía. Igualmente también hemos observado, en el análisis LMDI-I, que la mejora de la productividad laboral durante el periodo 2000-2013 ha sido clave en la reducción del consumo de energía. El efecto actividad del método LMDI-I, así como los efectos nivel de vida, población y número de vehículos del método SDA, son factores determinantes del crecimiento del consumo de energía en España y Andalucía. Los resultados obtenidos del efecto intensidad, junto con el análisis de las distintas políticas energéticas desarrolladas en este periodo nos indican que las ayudas públicas, fundamentalmente en forma de subvenciones a la inversión, han contribuido a la mejora de la eficiencia energética en la industria y en el transporte, pero no así en el sector residencial. A raíz de estos resultados se estima conveniente profundizar en otros mecanismos, que pudieran ser más efectivos y favorecieran un desacoplamiento entre el crecimiento económico y el consumo de energía, además de reducir nuestra dependencia energética externa: medidas fiscales, acceso a nuevos mecanismos de financiación, acuerdos voluntarios, cambios modales, mejora de la productividad laboral, promoción de los sistemas de gestión energética, incremento de la competitividad de las energías renovables mediante apoyo al desarrollo tecnológico y un marco legislativo estable que asegure su viabilidad técnico-económica

Is temperature change a key driver of the regional diferences in electricity consumption of the economic sectors in Spain (2000–2016)?

Climate change has caused signifcant changes in temperature with diferent consequences depending on the geographical location of the regions, afecting among other aspects, electricity consumption (EC). Spain being a country that encompasses so many diferent temperature zones, this work analyses EC per capita among the Autonomous Communities (AC) of Spain through a spatial-temporal decomposition analysis during the 2000–2016 period. The regional diferences are explained by four decomposition factors: intensity, temperature, structural and per capita income. The temporal decomposition results show that temperature changes in Spain between 2000 and 2016 have substantially afected the per capita EC. Likewise, it has been noted that in the 2000–2008 period, the temperature efect mainly acted as an inhibitor compared to the 2008–2016 period, in which an increase in the days of extreme temperature acted as a driver. The spatial decomposition reveals that the structural and energy intensity efects contribute to the AC moving away from average fgures, while the temperature and income efects contributes to reducing the diferences depending on the location of the AC. The results enable to determine the importance of establishing public policy measures aimed at improving energy efciency

Two smart energy management models for the Spanish electricity system

This paper evaluates two smart energy management models for the Spanish electricity system in terms of power consumption savings, CO2 emissions, and dependence upon primary energy from abroad. We compare a baseline scenario with two alternatives. The first model entails the reduction of the power demand through energy savings measures, smart meters, and self-supply. The second model entails the application of all measures included in first scenario, plus measures oriented to electric vehicles. For each model a sensitivity analysis was performed. Results show that both models can result in reductions of peak loads, CO2 emissions, and energy dependence

Toward a less natural gas dependent energy mix in Spain: Crowding-out effects of shifting to biomass power generationAnális

This paper estimates the impact of a hypothetical change in Spain's energy mix on a number of productive sectors. The change would be brought about by substituting power generation from natural gas with generation from biomass. The total amount of electricity supplied has been calculated to remain constant so that a crowding-out effect would be derived from the displacement of one technology with another. An inputeoutput (IO) framework has been used to estimate the overall economic impact on 26 productive sectors included on Spain's 2007 IO Table. Based on the available literature, the consideration of net impact improves the analysis. The results show that the overall net impact across all productive sectors of this change in the energy mix would be positive and equal to about 0.5% for the period. Higher impacts were measured for the ‘Electricity power and Electricity Supply’ sector (15.4%) followed by the ‘Agriculture, Hunting, Forestry’ sector (7.1%). Only the ‘Gas generation and Gas supply’ sector showed a negative impact (e2.5%), which is consistent with the reduced use of natural gas. The overall calculated total impact for Spain's productive sector was equal to V 8074.95 million at the 2007-equivalent value

El potencial de la biomasa de olivar en Andalucía (España): una oportunidad para la recuperación económica ante la crisis del COVID-19

Promover una “Recuperación verde” como vía a la recuperación económica tras la crisis generada por el Covid-19. Enaltecer el elevado potencial que presenta la biomasa de olivar en Andalucía (España). Destacar el elevado grado de desaprovechamiento de este recurso energético en esta regió

Measures to promote olive grove biomass in Spain and Andalusia: an opportunity for economic recovery against COVID-19

Olive grove biomass presents an opportunity to reduce greenhouse gases and meet the sustainability objectives set by Europe. Given the relevance of this organic matter, this paper analyzes the evolution and current situation of the regulations that regulate olive grove biomass as a source of energy in Europe, in Spain and in Andalusia. Likewise, its effect on the evolution of the use of biomass in the Andalusian region, especially the olive grove, is analyzed. The analysis is novel, since there are no previous studies that reveal this type of information for the olive grove biomass sector. The results show that, as of 2005, the development of biomass for thermal and electrical uses is favorable, reaching the objectives set by the PASENER 2007–2013. However, this situation is reversed as of 2012, with the abolition of the feed-in tariff system for renewables. Besides this, the olive grove biomass sector faces other obstacles such as the cost of residue collection and the few incentives for this sector. The reorientation of the measures, in order to enhance this energy source, would generate a positive effect for the economy of the region that has been affected by COVID-19

Energy efficiency’s key role in explaining the performance of energy consumption in Andalusia (Spain)

The EU commitment to improve energy efficiency will help the EU economies to reduce energy consumption and achieve the desired decoupling between economic and energy consumption growth. For that aim, not only are the member states’ commitments important, the role that the European regions adopt when they develop their own energy policies is also paramount. Among them, the Andalusia region (south of Spain) has been chosen as a case study due to its economic and energy characteristics. This paper aims to inform about the role played by energy efficiency, explaining the energy consumption behaviour in Andalusia and in comparison with the Spanish average for the period 2000-2015, through the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition method.FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación – Agencia Estatal de Investigación RTI2018-096725-B-100Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) y Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía US126092

The economic value of olive sector biomass for thermal and electrical uses in Andalusia (Spain)

Olive sector residues could contribute to increased use of renewable energies, especially in those areas where the olive crop is produced. This paper determines the maximum amount of electrical and thermal energy which could be obtained in Andalusia from olive sector residues, and the economic value that could be obtained from these energy uses. For this, the current data on installed power and electrical and thermal generation are compared with the calculated potential data which would be obtained at full capacity. The results show there is a 69.23% wastage of olive sector residues for energy purposes. Thus, using the resources at full capacity, 3.9 million tons of biomass per year could be obtained for energy purposes. Currently, only 2 million tons of biomass are used for energy purposes. This wastage translates into a below potential generation of electrical and thermal energy. The full use of these residues would allow 83.9% and 64.9% higher generation of electrical and thermal energy, respectively. The results obtained also show that the economic value of olive sector biomass is higher than the market price value, with the average values for each use being 248.20 €/t for domestic thermal use, 165.04 €/t for electrical use and 139.50 €/t for industrial thermal use. Thus, it is considered feasible that the olive sector biomass could be used to a greater degree than at present. In this sense, it is recommended that more electricity generation plants and thermal-generating systems be put into operation.Junta de Andalucía US-1260925Fundación Roger Torné 68/83 1394/010