Concrete sewer pipe corrosion induced by sulphuric acid environment

Corrosion of concrete sewer pipes induced by sulphuric acid attack is a recognised problem worldwide, which is not only an attribute of countries with hot climate conditions as thought before. The significance of this problem is by far only realised when the pipe collapses causing surface flooding and other severe consequences. To change the existing post-reactive attitude of managing companies, easy to use and robust models are required to be developed which currently lack reliable data to be correctly calibrated. This paper focuses on laboratory experiments of establishing concrete pipe corrosion rate by submerging samples in to 0.5 pH sulphuric acid solution for 56 days under 10ºC, 20ºC and 30ºC temperature regimes. The result showed that at very early stage of the corrosion process the samples gained overall mass, at 30ºC the corrosion progressed quicker than for other temperature regimes, however with time the corrosion level for 10ºC and 20ºC regimes tended towards those at 30ºC. Overall, at these conditions the corrosion rates of 10 mm/year, 13,5 mm/year and 17 mm/year were observed

Additional file 2: of The effects of a lifestyle-focused text-messaging intervention on adherence to dietary guideline recommendations in patients with coronary heart disease: an analysis of the TEXT ME study

WHO STEPS diet instrument. (PDF 294 kb

Additional file 1: of The effects of a lifestyle-focused text-messaging intervention on adherence to dietary guideline recommendations in patients with coronary heart disease: an analysis of the TEXT ME study

TEXT ME diet questionnaire. (PDF 432 kb

Tuning the Biological Activity Profile of Antibacterial Polymers via Subunit Substitution Pattern

Binary nylon-3 copolymers containing cationic and hydrophobic subunits can mimic the biological properties of host-defense peptides, but relationships between composition and activity are not yet well understood for these materials. Hydrophobic subunits in previously studied examples have been limited mostly to cycloalkane-derived structures, with cyclohexyl proving to be particularly promising. The present study evaluates alternative hydrophobic subunits that are isomeric or nearly isomeric with the cyclohexyl example; each has four sp³ carbons in the side chains. The results show that varying the substitution pattern of the hydrophobic subunit leads to relatively small changes in antibacterial activity but causes significant changes in hemolytic activity. We hypothesize that these differences in biological activity profile arise, at least in part, from variations among the conformational propensities of the hydrophobic subunits. The α,α,β,β-tetramethyl unit is optimal among the subunits we have examined, providing copolymers with potent antibacterial activity and excellent prokaryote vs eukaryote selectivity. Bacteria do not readily develop resistance to the new antibacterial nylon-3 copolymers. These findings suggest that variation in subunit conformational properties could be generally valuable in the development of synthetic polymers for biological applications

Additional file 1: of Evaluation of a training program of hypertension for accredited social health activists (ASHA) in rural India

Table S1. Description of Training Materials and Sessions. All downloadable from https://figshare.com/s/7bbfcc22e0c9c91a5ca03 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4225/03/5967f9a94970d . ASHA Training Manual. Table S2. Evaluation Materials and ASHA Resources. All downloadable from https://figshare.com/s/b94c7af22ae220540c45 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4225/03/5975a0f9da160 . (DOC 78 kb

František Palacký and Czech politics in the end of the last century

Timing of data collection in each country. (PDF 14 kb

Additional file 8: Figure S2. of Wealth and cardiovascular health: a cross-sectional study of wealth-related inequalities in the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in high-, middle- and low-income countries

Adjusted prevalence of hypertension awareness, treatment and control with 95% confidence intervals within PURE cohorts, by wealth quintile and country (ordered by 2006 GDP). (PDF 26 kb