Alignment of marmoset (Cj), human (Hs), chimpanzee (Pt), and macaque (Mm) CDNF amino acid sequences by CLUSTAL O (version 1.2.0) software.

<p>Identical amino acids are marked with an asterisk, physicochemically highly similar with a colon, and similar with a dot. Predicted signal sequences (SignalP 4.1 Server <a href="http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/" target="_blank">http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/SignalP/</a>) of marmoset, chimpanzee and macaque CDNF (residues 1–26; underlined) are equal in length to the verified signal peptide of human CDNF [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149776#pone.0149776.ref001" target="_blank">1</a>]. Eight conserved cysteine residues with identical spacing of the mature CDNF are indicated in yellow. N-linked glycosylation site of human CDNF at position 57N [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149776#pone.0149776.ref013" target="_blank">13</a>] and O-linked glycosylation site at position 181T [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149776#pone.0149776.ref052" target="_blank">52</a>] is indicated in green. The C-terminal ER-retention motif KAEL/KTEL is boxed. Alpha-helical regions of CDNF are indicated above the sequences according to [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149776#pone.0149776.ref007" target="_blank">7</a>] (helices α1-α5 and turn of 3₁₀ helix) and [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0149776#pone.0149776.ref009" target="_blank">9</a>] (helices α6-α8). The division between N-terminal saposin-like domain and C-terminal SAP-domain is indicated by a vertical dashed line.</p

Amino acid identity (%) of CDNF proteins between human and selected nonhuman primates calculated by EMBOSS Needle software.

<p>Signal peptide sequences have been omitted.</p

Time course of experiments.

<p>In the tolerability approach (upper scheme) high concentrations of CDNF (10 or 15μg per day) were intrastriatally delivered for 28 days via osmotic minipumps followed by subsequent histopathological assessment. Efficacy of CDNF and GDNF was tested in the 6-OHDA model (lower scheme). Treatment effects were evaluated <i>in vivo</i> by SPECT imaging and post mortem IHC.</p

Immunohistochemistry of the caudate nucleus was performed at the end of experiment.

<p>Sections were stained for DAT (A / C) and TH (B / D). The affected brain areas showed moderate dopaminergic integrity after treatment with CDNF (A / B) and GDNF (C / D). Scale bar: 100μm.</p

Histopathological assessment of the caudate nucleus of chronically CDNF-infused animals (CDNF: 15μg/day for 28 days; totally 420 μg).

<p>Perivascular infiltrates positive for CD3 and CD20 were observed in two animals (animals # 13864 and # 12887) out of four analysed. MAC-positive macrophages/activated microglia were absent. Scale bar = 100μm.</p

Development of the first marmoset-specific DNA microarray (EUMAMA): a new genetic tool for large-scale expression profiling in a non-human primate-1

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Development of the first marmoset-specific DNA microarray (EUMAMA): a new genetic tool for large-scale expression profiling in a non-human primate"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/190</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():190-190.</p><p>Published online 25 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1929077.</p><p></p>y the correlation coefficient

Development of the first marmoset-specific DNA microarray (EUMAMA): a new genetic tool for large-scale expression profiling in a non-human primate-2

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Development of the first marmoset-specific DNA microarray (EUMAMA): a new genetic tool for large-scale expression profiling in a non-human primate"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/190</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():190-190.</p><p>Published online 25 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1929077.</p><p></p>total of 1932 (60%) ESTs were assigned a gene name, 610 (19%) contained a partial ORF, 642 (20%) were mappable to a genome but could not be assigned a gene name and 31 (1%) could not be mapped. . Pie chart indicating the origin of the marmoset sequences represented on the marmoset microarray. Of the in total 1541 marmoset transcripts represented on the array the majority (1445 = 95%) were derived from the set of 3215 marmoset ESTs submitted to GenBank. The remaining 5% consisted of 68 pre-existing marmoset sequences already present in GenBank and 28 ESTs from the hippocampal cDNA library that were not submitted to GenBank. The 1445 submitted ESTs could be subdivided into a group of 886 (58%) that were assigned a gene name, 364 (24%) with a (partial) ORF, 188 (12%) that were mappable but without a gene name or an ORF and 7 (0%) that were not mappable

Development of the first marmoset-specific DNA microarray (EUMAMA): a new genetic tool for large-scale expression profiling in a non-human primate-0

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Development of the first marmoset-specific DNA microarray (EUMAMA): a new genetic tool for large-scale expression profiling in a non-human primate"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/8/190</p><p>BMC Genomics 2007;8():190-190.</p><p>Published online 25 Jun 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1929077.</p><p></p>total of 1932 (60%) ESTs were assigned a gene name, 610 (19%) contained a partial ORF, 642 (20%) were mappable to a genome but could not be assigned a gene name and 31 (1%) could not be mapped. . Pie chart indicating the origin of the marmoset sequences represented on the marmoset microarray. Of the in total 1541 marmoset transcripts represented on the array the majority (1445 = 95%) were derived from the set of 3215 marmoset ESTs submitted to GenBank. The remaining 5% consisted of 68 pre-existing marmoset sequences already present in GenBank and 28 ESTs from the hippocampal cDNA library that were not submitted to GenBank. The 1445 submitted ESTs could be subdivided into a group of 886 (58%) that were assigned a gene name, 364 (24%) with a (partial) ORF, 188 (12%) that were mappable but without a gene name or an ORF and 7 (0%) that were not mappable

Electrically activated airway contractions in mouse PCLS require higher electric fields and are neurally mediated.

<p>A. Frequency response curve: The frequency (F) was increased from 1 Hz to 200 Hz, while the other EFS settings were kept constant at B = 1 ms/2 ms, A = 200 mA≙40 V and TW = 2.5 s; data are shown as mean±SEM (1 ms: n = 5 PCLS from 5 mice; 2 ms: n = 6 PCLS from 6 mice). Frequency response curves were calculated by four parameter logistic regression and compared by the F-test; ***, p<0.001. B. Pulse duration was increased in EFS of murine PCLS from 0.5 ms to 4 ms, while the other parameters were kept constant at F = 50 Hz, A = 200 mA≙40 V and TW = 2.5 s; data are shown as mean±SEM (n = 6 PCLS from 6 mice). C. PCLS from mice were stimulated repeatedly at F = 50 Hz, B = 2 ms A = 200 mA and TW = 2.5 s each minute for 3.3 min. Upper panel: Control stimulations, each EFS train was conducted without pharmacological interference. Lower panel: 10 mM MgSO₄ was added 30 min prior to the second EFS train. Magnesium was able to block airway responses indicating specific neurally-induced bronchoconstriction. Data are shown as mean±SEM (n = 5 PCLS from 5 mice); ***, p<0.001 in the t-test on the minimal airway area before and after the application of magnesium.</p

Demographic data of the study population.

<p>Animals were randomized in each of the two independent study cycles as indicated (a: first study cycle, b: second study cycle). Before each cycle a baseline BAL was performed 3 weeks before LPS challenge and served as control. Altogether, 3 animals had to be excluded.</p><p>Data are given as mean ± S.E.M., dxm  =  dexamethasone, rof  =  roflumilast.</p