Chemical identity and relative proportion (mean±STD) of the queen mandibular gland of honey bees <i>Apis mellifera</i> belonging to different queen group: virgin, single (SDI) and multi (MDI) drone inseminated queens.

<p>All significant differences with p<0.05 are marked in bold. (<i>E</i>)-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (1948), (<i>E</i>)-coniferyl alcohol (1957), traces</p

EAG_2016

Electroantennography (EAG) data associated with Ma et al 2018. Colony represents the source colony from which individual nurses and foragers were taken. Behavior categorizes individual bees as nurses or foragers. Four concentrations for each of two pheromones were used for the analysis. Raw values were divided by eag response to average of hexane controls to produce standardized responses. Hexane responses were taken before and after pheromone exposure

Workers are more attracted to MDI than SDI queens in observation hives.

<p>Following insemination, the retinue response to SDI and MDI queens was monitored in observation hives, twice a day for 5 days. MDI queens attracted significantly more worker bees in their retinue than the SDI queens did (F = 6.73, p = 0.02). (SDI: 7 queens; MDI: 5 queens).</p

Brood Pheromone Foraging

Foraging experiments conducted as described in Ma et al 2018 during Summer 2015. Camera indicates the recording equipment used to record foraging. Colony ID identifies each unique colony, that were randomly assigned Screen treatments. Repeated measures were conducted for 3 different pheromone treatments on 3 different Days. Foraging was recorded at 3 time points following pheromone treatment. The number of foaragers carrying pollen or not carrying pollen were recorded

Absolute quantity of the mandibular gland compounds (mean±STD) in µg of virgin, SDI and MDI queens.

<p>All significant differences with p<0.05 are marked in bold.</p

Workers are more attracted to the mandibular gland extracts of MDI than SDI queens.

<p>Caged workers were exposed to mandibular gland extract of two different queens simultaneously, and the retinue response to each extract was monitored. Workers were significantly more attracted to the extracts of inseminated versus virgin queens, and significantly more attracted to the extracts of MDI versus SDI queens (0.05 queen equivalents: Virgin vs SDI queens (n = 19); Virgin vs MDI (n = 20). MDI vs SDI (n = 21); all comparison with t-test: t<2.7, p<0.01). ** p<0.01 and *** p<0.001</p

Insemination quantity significantly alters the chemical profile of mandibular glands.

<p>Chemical composition of the mandibular gland extracts of Virgin, SDI and MDI queens were analysed using gas-chromatography. Discriminant analysis of mandibular extract of virgin, SDI, and MDI queens was based on the relative proportion of the chemical compounds (F(33, 36) = 9.33. p<10⁻⁴; All group distances <0.005). Ellipses have been drawn to emphasize the categories, but have no specific statistical meaning</p

EAG May 2018

R code in Rmarkdown format used to anlayze EAG data

BPO Forage May2018

R code in Rmarkdown format used to analyze foraging data

Effect of Bombus impatiens queen-produced cues on worker behavior, physiology, and gene expression

This file contains all the data associated with the manuscript. We include data on Bombus impatiens worker oocyte activation, egg-laying, aggressive behavior, and expression of the candidate genes vitellogenin and kr-h1. The data set allows comparison of these parameters in queenless workers, queenright workers, and workers exposed to volatile and contact cues generated by the queen