Serum Glycome Profiling: A Biomarker for Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer

During the development of cancer, changes in cellular glycosylation are observed, indicating that alterations of the glycome occur in extracellular fluids as well as in serum and could therefore serve as tumor biomarkers. In the case of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), common tumor markers such as CA125 are known to have poor specificity; therefore, better biomarkers are needed. The aim of this work was to identify new potential glycan biomarkers in EOC-patients. N-Glycans were cleaved from serum glycoproteins from 63 preoperative primary EOC-patients along with 33 age-matched healthy women, permethylated, and analyzed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. A value named GLYCOV was calculated from the relative areas of the 11 N-glycan biomarkers revealed by SPSS statistical analyses, namely four high-mannose and seven complex-type fucosylated N-glycans. GLYCOV diagnosed primary EOC with a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 98.4% whereas CA-125 showed a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 88.9%. Our study is the first one to compare glycan values with the established tumor marker CA125 and to give better results. Therefore, the N-glycome could potentially be used as a biomarker

Parameters fit to the model in Eq 1, originally presented by Rahbar et al. [3].

<p>The parameters fit to each human vessel specimen in the first six columns with the mean and standard deviation of the human data in the seventh column and the mean and standard deviation of rat mesenteric vessels from Rahbar et al. [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0183222#pone.0183222.ref003" target="_blank">3</a>] in the last column. Rahbar et al. tested vessel segments both upstream and downstream of a secondary lymphatic valve but found no statistical significance between the regions, so we chose to include only upstream data from their work.</p

Volumetric renderings of collagen and elastin layers within in the lymphatic vessel wall imaged using multiphoton microscopy.

<p>(A) Collagen signal as viewed from the interior of the vessel. (B) Elastin signal as viewed from the interior of the vessel. The bottom panels show composite renderings of collagen (white) and elastin (green) within the interior surface of the vessel (C) and the exterior surface (D). Volumetric renderings of multiphoton image data were performed using the software FluoRender [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0183222#pone.0183222.ref025" target="_blank">25</a>]. Scale bar 100 μm.</p

Isolation and biomechanical testing of cannulated vessels.

<p>(A) Example of lymphatic tissue excised during cytoreductive surgery along the retroperitoneal vessels. (B) A schematic of the experiments. The vessel was cannulated to a micropipette tip connected to a pressure reservoir at one end and an axial force transducer at the other. Transmural pressure was increased by adjusting the height of the pressure reservoir, and axial stretch was applied using a calibrated micrometer. An example of an image of a cannulated vessel can be seen in the inset. (C) Photograph of the cannulation chamber. This chamber was fixed on top of a stereo light microscope for imaging and measurement of vessel diameter.</p

Collagen and elastin orientation as quantified by FFT.

<p>The mean collagen fibre orientation from the 6 specimens is given in blue, and the mean elastin orientation is given in red. Error bars indicate standard deviation. Orientation angles from -90° to 90°, with the axial length of the vessel orientated at 0°. Asterisks indicate a significant statistical difference between collagen and elastin orientation as detected via T-test.</p

Fertility outcomes following surgery and multiagent chemotherapy in malignant ovarian germ cell tumor survivors: a survey study

Objective To assess fertility outcomes in long-term survivors of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors treated with fertility-sparing surgery with or without additional chemotherapy.Methods Women diagnosed and treated for malignant ovarian germ cell tumors at Charing Cross Hospital or Mount Vernon Cancer Centre between 1977 and 2015 were included. Questionnaires assessing fertility issues were sent to patients treated with fertility-sparing surgery. Fertility outcomes were evaluated according to the treatment received. The effect of the mean total dose of cyclophosphamide and cisplatin was assessed.Results A total of 146 patients were sent the questionnaire; 77 (56.5%) patients were included in the analysis. A total of 49 (64%) patients received platinum-based chemotherapy after surgery, 39 (79.6%) of these with cisplatin, vincristine, methotrexate, bleomycin, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide, while 10 (20.4%) with bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin. After any treatment, 39/46 patients (85%) became pregnant: the conception rate was not different between those receiving surgery only and those receiving also chemotherapy (85.7% vs 84.4%, p=1.0). Live birth rate was 80.4% (37/46), with no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups (p=0.42). Median age of women achieving conception was 29 years (IQR 26–33). The probability of live birth at 5 years was 48% and 40% for patients in the surgery only and chemotherapy group, respectively (p=0.55). Infertility and miscarriage rates did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups (p=0.30 and p=0.32). The mean doses of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide received by patients failing and achieving conception were not different (p=0.10, p=0.47).Conclusions Our results suggest that fertility may not be hampered in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumor treated with fertility-sparing surgery or receiving additional chemotherapy.</p

British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) Uterine Cancer Guidelines: Recommendations for Practice

The remit of this guideline is to collate and propose evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of uterine cancer. This document covers all uterine cancers of any histological type

British Gynaecological Cancer Society (BGCS) ovarian, tubal and primary peritoneal cancer guidelines: Recommendations for practice update 2024

No description supplied</p