UNDERSTANDING ORGANIZATION EMPLOYEE`S INFORMATION SECURITY OMISSION BEHAVIOR: AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF SOCIAL NORM AND DETERRENCE

Employee`s information security behavior is critical to ensure the security of organization`s information assets. Countermeasures, such as information security policies, are helpful to reduce computer abuse and information systems misuse. However, employees in practice tend to engage in these violation behaviors, although they know policies and countermeasures. Undoubtedly, these omission behaviors will bring big loss or other potential risks to information assets security. The current study try to make clear on the influence factors of information security omission behaviors and how these drive factors work. From organization control perspective, we integrate deterrence theory and social norm theory to construct research model. We expect deterrence (as normal control) will effectively decrease omission behavioral intention. Besides, colleague`s security omission behaviors may mislead some employee`s behaviors more or less, which is easy to form error code of conduct and induce to the similar omission behaviors. To date, social norms of misperception (as informal control) has not been sufficiently concerned in IS security literature and we believe that may provide a new perceptive to understand the formation mechanism of security omission behaviors

Spillover Effect of Consumer Awareness on Third-Party Sellers’ Selling Strategies on Retail Platform

Global e-commerce sales have reached over $1 trillion and e-commerce has experienced unprecedented prosper for the past years. Along with this remarkable growth is the emergence of giant online retailers such as Amazon.com in the U.S. and JD.com in China. Traditionally these retailers adopt merchant revenue model under which they buy products from suppliers and resell to consumers. Over years, the leading online retailers have developed a considerable consumer base. With the options of reaping their dominance via their merchant revenue model, interestingly, these retailers open their platforms and allow third-party sellers to sell on their platforms, thus inviting competition. Small merchants might use the platforms to reach customers who otherwise would not know the existence of the merchants, and are attracted to the retailers\u27 platforms by the promise of tapping into their huge user base. Third-party sellers report an average of 50% increase in sales when they join Amazon\u27s platform. In turn, Amazon takes a commission for every sale (e.g., 6% for personal computers and 15% for mobile phones). Intuitively, both the retailer and the third-party sellers benefit from the partnership if the third-party sellers sell products different from those offered by the retailer. However, one puzzling phenomenon is that these retailers allow third-party sellers to sell identical products as those offered by the retailers, and we often observe both a retailer and a third-party seller offering the same product on the retailer\u27s platform. More interestingly, many third-party sellers have their own websites and carry more products than retailers in some specific category, and when they join a retailer\u27s platform they sell some of their products on the retailer\u27s platform. Sometimes these third-party sellers may even choose to sell the same product as the retailer, instead of different products, on the retailer\u27s platform. For example, www.HANDU.com sells clothing for women, men, and kids on its own website, but only sells women dress on JD.com. Conceivably, the sellers do so because the presence of sellers on a retailer\u27s platform can increase the traffic to the sellers\u27 websites: When a product by a third-party seller is listed on a retailer\u27s platform and is exposed to its consumers, some of the consumers may also become aware of the other products offered by the seller, with the help of different online tools such as search engines. We call this cross-product awareness increase spillover effect of consumer awareness. This paper aims to answer the following questions. With an open platform and a given commission rate, how does the spillover effect affect a third-party seller’s incentive to join a retailer’s platform and how does the spillover effect affect its product offering on the platform? We develop a game-theoretic model in which the platform is open and the commission rate is given, and the third-party seller carries identical products as the retailer as well as exclusive products that the retailer does not carry. The third party chooses whether to join the platform; If so, the third party chooses which product(s), the identical product, the exclusive product, or both products, is/are sold on the retailer’s platform. We find that the third party\u27s optimal selling strategies vary with its initial awareness, the extent of spillover effect, and the commission rate. Specifically, for a low commission rate, when its initial awareness and spillover effect are mild, the third party sells both identical and exclusive products on the retailer\u27s platform; when its initial awareness is high or spillover effect is salient, the third party sells exclusive products only. For a high commission rate, the third party only sells identical products if the spillover effect relative to initial awareness is significant; otherwise, the third party does not offer any product. In particular, even when the commission rate is very high, the third party may still have incentive to sell the identical product on the retailer\u27s platform. For instance, when the spillover effect relative to the initial awareness level is significant, even the retailer asks for the whole revenue of third party\u27s sales on the retailer\u27s platform, the third party still optimally chooses to sell the identical product on the retailer\u27s platform. This surprising result is because in this case the spillover effect is more important than the initial awareness, the benefit of increased demand for exclusive product resulting from spillover effect outweighs the cost of contributing the revenue from the identical product to the retailer

Decreasing the uncertainty of atomic clocks via real-time noise distinguish

The environmental perturbation on atoms is the key factor restricting the performance of atomic frequency standards, especially in long term scale. In this letter, we demonstrate a real-time noise distinguish operation of atomic clocks. The operation improves the statistical uncertainty by about an order of magnitude of our fountain clock which is deteriorated previously by extra noises. The frequency offset bring by the extra noise is also corrected. The experiment proves the real-time noise distinguish operation can reduce the contribution of ambient noises and improve the uncertainty limit of atomic clocks.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 tabl

Synthesis of N/Fe Comodified TiO 2

To improve the efficiency of TiO2 as a photocatalyst for contaminant degradation, a novel nanocomposite catalyst of (N, Fe) modified TiO2 nanoparticles loaded on bentonite (B-N/Fe-TiO2) was successfully prepared for the first time by sol-gel method. The synthesized B-N/Fe-TiO2 catalyst composites were characterized by multiple techniques, including scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results showed that bentonite significantly enhanced the dispersion of TiO2 nanoparticles and increased the specific surface area of the catalysts. Compared with nondoped TiO2, single element doped TiO2, or unloaded TiO2 nanoparticles, B-N/Fe-TiO2 had the highest absorption in UV-visible region. The photocatalytic activity of B-N/Fe-TiO2 was also the highest, based on the degradation of methyl blue (MB) at room temperature under UV and visible light irradiation. In particular, the synthesized B-N/Fe-TiO2 showed much greater photocatalytic efficiency than N/Fe-TiO2 under visible light, the newly synthesized B-N/Fe-TiO2 is going to significantly increase the photocatalytic efficiency of the catalyst using sun light