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The tumor-promoting functions of Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) in cancer cells
textAtaxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase regulates the DNA damage response (DDR) and is associated with cancer suppression by protecting cells from DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). However, how ATM functions outside of DSB signaling is less clearly understood. Here, we report a new cancer-promoting role for ATM in stimulating cell migration and invasion independently of DSB signaling or induction. We used two highly metastatic human breast cancer cell lines to corroborate that ATM is required for cell migration and invasion. Microarray analysis of cells depleted for ATM identified interleukin-8 (IL-8) as a target since the exogenous addition of IL-8 rescued migration and invasion defects in ATM-deficient cells. Finally, ATM depletion in human cancer cells reduced lung metastasis in a mouse xenograft model. These findings shed light on tumor-promoting functions of ATM. Therefore, in addition to its canonical roles in tumor suppression, ATM promotes tumor progression as well.Cellular and Molecular Biolog
Exploring the commercial value of social networks: enhancing consumers’ brand experience through Facebook pages
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors which impact upon the consumers’
willingness to utilise company Facebook pages and e-word-of mouth by proposing and testing
a conceptual framework which is inspired by theories in marketing and information systems fields.
The authors believe that only by applying both theories will provide a more complete understanding
of the relationship between brand experience and Facebook. The research model attempts to illustrate
the factors according to customers’ intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and their impact on brand
experience, brand Facebook page loyalty and e-word-of-mouth (E-WOM).
Design/methodology/approach – The authors adopted an online survey method for data collection.
The subjects the authors used were Facebook users. The data were collected in Taiwan over spring 2011.
The authors then used the structural equation model to analyse the data collected.
Findings – The findings suggest that users are influenced by the technical characterises of a brand
Facebook page, such as ease of use and usefulness, which might be combated by attempting to reduce
customer effort when accessing Facebook pages. The authors conclude that customer effort influenced
brand experience and consequently loyalty to brand Facebook pages and E-WOM.
Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this study relate to the investigation of
consumer perspectives in a specific geographical context and time frame.
Originality/value – The study’s contributions are both theoretical and practical, as it offers new
insights into brand experience attitudes in an online environment and useful insights to companies
willing to market themselves on Facebook.
Keywords Marketing, Facebook, Virtual community, Extrinsic motivations, Intrinsic motivations
Paper type Research pape
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