Fuel cell and battery hybridization for automotive application

International audienceIn 2006, a fuel cell technology was developed between CEA and PSA in France. The first design is a 80 kW one for a 65 kW automotive power train. Theses specifications are adapted for a fuel cell vehicle without power battery hybridation. Now, in our different applications, the fuel cell system is designed with hybridation with a Lithium ion power battery. A first example is electric vehicle with about 100 km range with the battery electricity and a fuel cell range extender which is designed for mean power and not for maximum power. Another example is the use of a fast charge and discharge high power lithium ion battery with a very good intrinsic security. With this kind of battery, it's possible to use the stored electricity and to recharge very quickly the battery due to the fast charge

MOSFETs, Thyristors and diodes matrixes for high voltage and pulse power

International audienceFor the high voltage tubes replacement in pulsed laser applications, CEA developed a technology of matrixes of small standard components for kilo-Amps and kilo-Volts commutation. MOSFET matrix switches are used for microsecond and sub microsecond pulses. Small thyristors matrix switches are used for tens of micro-second pulses, up to milliseconds. Standard ultrafast diodes matrixes are used for freewheeling or blocking the current. This technology proved to be cost effective and a very high reliability. For laser, the MOSFETs matrix switch has the same cost than the gas tube (thyratron) one and the reliability is 200 times higher. The tube lifetime is 1000 hours. The matrix switch lifetime is 200 000 hours. The matrix is failure tolerant. So it's not a random failure with MTBF specification, but a full lifetime without risk of failure for the switch for years. This technology has been used in a large area of applications. An industrial society has a licence to develop this technology with the necessary technical and EMC know-how. The purpose of the presentation is to give an overview of the applications and of the technical performances

Impact of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) on the French Electric Grid

Currently the automotive sector is undergoing a major change. During the next years it is expected that there will be a considerable increase in the numbers of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs). Based on different charging scenarios, this paper investigates the impact of PHEVs on the French electric grid. Solutions are proposed to increase the maximum penetration rate. Hence we estimate that the French electric grid can accommodate 72% of PHEVs in 2015. This makes it possible to reduce oil imports for France by 22.5% and CO2 emissions due to road transport by 18%

High power high frequency soft switching converter using serial connected switches

International audienceThis paper presents a chopper topology suitable for high voltage, with a switch made of serial connected power devices. Serial connection of power components encounters two major problems in hard switching : voltage unbalance and overcurrents at turn on due to parasitic capacitances to ground. The proposed topology takes advantage of soft switching to reduce both problems by a suitable utilisation of inductors and capacitors. A converter tested at 9kV input voltage is also presented

High reliability high voltage fast switches

International audienceIn France, one joint program between Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (C.E.A.) for the research part and COGEMA for the industrial application is the development of the Uranium Vapor Laser Isotopic Separation (SILVA). The Power Electronic Laboratory from the C.E.A. in Pierrelatte is in charge of development on power supplies for Copper Vapor Lasers. For this specific application, the association of thousands of small standard components on printed circuit board is a cost-effective and reliable solution. We will explain why this solution is a costeffective and high-performance one for this application. Moreover, we will see that, in our particular case, the serial connection of a large number of components provides a very high reliability without over-cost

High voltage fast switches for nuclear applications

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Short circuit of a high voltage high current MOSFET MATRIX Switch

International audienceIn France, one joint program between Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (C.E.A.) for the research part and COGEMA for the industrial application is the development of the Uranium Vapor Laser Isotopic Separation (SILVA). The Power Electronic Laboratory from the C.E.A. in Pierrelatte is in charge of development on power supplies for Copper Vapor Lasers. For this application, the strategy of the laboratory is the association of thousands of small standard components on printed circuit board as a cost-effective high performance and reliable solution. For PCIM, in 1999, [1] we presented a Keynote-paper about the strategy of the laboratory and we gave an overview of some different switches with MOSFETs, IGBTs, Thyristors, Diodes and nanosecond switches with standard MOSFETs. The three first switches are very fast turnon switches for capacitor lines or pulse forming network discharge applications. These three switches are not designed to switch off a high level of current. For high voltage very fast applications, turn-off switches are very difficult because of short circuit. The inductance is low, so it is necessary for the switch to limit the current and to open this short-circuit current. Now, we have a new fast 500 A MOSFETs MATRIX switch for high voltage modulator with a very good short-circuit behavior. We present this new switch :-500 A 10 kV module switch short circuit behavior high voltage fast modulator design some industrial applications

Serial connected active voltage clamping

International audienceThe new post project for uranium enrichment SILVA needs specific power converters. The LETC laboratory of the C.E.A. in Pierrelatte has been studying these since 5 years. The aim of this laboratory consists in developing high voltage solid-state converters using a large number of small standard solidstate components (MOSFETs, IGBTs, thyristors and diodes) connected in series. In these associations, voltage balancement system are not used, but the voltage is limited on each stage in its safety area by clamping protection. This paper describes different voltage clamping systems, active clamping technique and their association in series

Champ électrique pulsé haute tension pour le traitement de l'eau et la conservation des aliments

International audience-Les cellules biologiques sont constituées d'un cytoplasme qui est conducteur électrique, entouré d'une membrane, qui est isolante électriquement. L'application d'un champ électrique pulsé permet de percer la membrane de la cellule de manière réversible ou mortelle. Nous présenterons les applications de cette électroporation dans les domaines du génie génétique, de l'extraction de composés, de l'agroalimentaire et du traitement des eaux, puis nous décrirons les deux technologies de générateurs électriques pulsés pour le traitement des eaux et l'agro-alimentaire développés par Centralp Enertronic, en collaboration avec le CEA et l'ESIM, pour EDF-DER (Département Etude et Recherche) et pour l'Unité de Biochimie-Technologie alimentaire de Montpellier [1]. Un générateur bipolaire basé sur un nouveau commutateur à matrice de transistors MOS supportant le court-circuit en haute tension est décrit

Spécificités de l'électronique de puissance pour le photovoltaïque connecté au réseau

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