Association of Hsp70 locus polymorphism with thermotolerance and ailment occurrence in Gulf Creole cattle within intensive systems

Objective: To estimate thermotolerance through the analysis of physiological constants, as well as the conditions suffered by Gulf Creole (BCG) cattle and relate it to the hsp70 locus polymorphism under an intensive production system. Design/methodology/approach: Leukocyte DNA from 60 BCG was genotyped using a 440 bp fragment by PCR-RFLP (Fok I). Physiological variables were estimated at 7-day intervals for 4 months during the hot season: respiratory rate (RF) and layer temperature (TC); likewise, the environmental variables temperature and humidity were recorded to determine thermal comfort. From the database of the production system, the conditions of the animals within the study period were quantified and categorized. Results: The hsp70 gene was polymorphic in BCG. The frequency of the AB heterozygous genotype was 0.77 and for the AA homozygous genotype it was 0.23, with a predominance of the A allele (0.61). Data analysis allowed us to find differences in RF in BCG with AA and AB genotypes (p<0.05). CT showed no differences (p>0.05). The genotype and environmental discomfort did not show an effect on the presentation of conditions in BCG (p>0.05). Limitations on study/implications: Due to the fact that the intensive system is changing and the BCG stay period is short, there are few animals that can be used for the study. Findings/conclusions: BCG is polymorphic and thermotolerant and its performance in the presentation of conditions is favorable.Objective: To estimate thermotolerance by analyzing physiological constants and ailment occurrence in Gulf Creole bovine cattle (GCB) and to relate them to Hsp70 locus polymorphism under an intensive production system. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using a 440 bp fragment, we genotyped leukocyte DNA from 60 BCG through PCR-RFLP (Fok I). Physiological variables were estimated at 7-day intervals for four months during the hottest season. The variables considered were respiratory rate (RR) and layer temperature (LT). Environmental variables—temperature and humidity— were also recorded to determine thermal comfort. Using the production system database, we categorized the animals’ ailments during the studied period. Results: The Hsp70 gene in GCB is polymorphic. The frequency of the AB heterozygous genotype was 0.77; for the AA homozygous genotype, it was 0.23. We observed a predominance of the A allele (0.61). Data analysis allowed us to find differences in RR in GCB with AA and AB genotypes (p<0.05). LT showed no differences (p>0.05). The genotype did not affect ailment occurrence in GCB (p>0.05). Study limitations/implications: Since the intensive system is dynamic, and the GCB stay period is short, few animals were available for the study. Findings/Conclusions: The Hsp70 gene present in GCB is polymorphic, and the animals are thermotolerant. Their performance regarding the occurrence of clinical conditions is favorable

Cryopreservation of horse semen with a liposome and trehalose added extender

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of cryopreserved equine semen in the presence of trehalose-loaded liposomes on the integrity and function of sperm cells. Six ejaculations of five stallions collected with an artificial vagina were used. The ejaculates were diluted with INRA 96® 2:1 v/v and transported at 22 °C to the laboratory. Before cryopreservation, the semen was diluted with INRA Freeze® to obtain the following treatments: T1) INRA Freeze® (control), T2) INRA Freeze® + liposomes, T3) INRA Freeze® + liposomes+trehalose. Data were analysed using the Kruskal Wallis test. The percentages of sperm with intact DNA were 54.5, 57.9, and 64.8% for T1, T2 and T3, respectively (P>0.05). When evaluating the acrosomal and capacitation state after filtering with Percoll®, the percentages of spermatozoa without acrosome reaction and without capacitation were 67.8, 79.2 and 68.1% in T1, T2, and T3, respectively (P>0.05), while the capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction and without capacitation was similar in T1 (47%) and T3 (32%) (P>0.05), and lower in T2 (16%) before filtering with Percoll®. The use of liposomes and liposome-trehalose did not affect on the functional status and nuclear chromatin of the equine sperm after freezing, but it did affect the percentage of capacitated sperm without acrosome reaction after selecting the thawed semen using the Percoll® gradient

Alternativa quirúrgica para recuperar sementales bovinos con fimosis obstructiva severa

Phimosis usually develops secondary to a case of acroposthitis. It generally begins as an acute inflammation of the preputial mucosa that is accompanied by oedema, involvement of the submucosa, and damage to the connective tissue, which, to recover, synthesizes collagen and generates fibrous tissue, which causes narrowing of the preputial lumen and prevents the exit of the penis. An alternative surgical technique is presented to treat cases of phimosis in zebu bulls with damage or loss of a large amount of preputial mucosa, in which traditional treatment techniques are no longer successful.La fimosis suele desarrollarse secundaria a un caso de acropostitis. Generalmente se inicia como una inflamación aguda de la mucosa prepucial que se acompaña por edema, afectación de la submucosa y daño al tejido conectivo, el cual, para recuperarse sintetiza colágeno y genera tejido fibroso, que provoca estrechez de la luz prepucial e impide la salida del pene. Se presenta una alternativa técnica quirúrgica para tratar casos de fimosis en toros cebú con daño o pérdida de gran cantidad de mucosa prepucial, en los cuales las técnicas de tratamiento tradicionales ya no son exitosas

Dengue virus NS1 protein interacts with the ribosomal protein RPL18: This interaction is required for viral translation and replication in Huh-7 cells

AbstractGiven dengue virus (DENV) genome austerity, it uses cellular molecules and structures for virion entry, translation and replication of the genome. NS1 is a multifunctional protein key to viral replication and pathogenesis. Identification of cellular proteins that interact with NS1 may help in further understanding the functions of NS1. In this paper we isolated a total of 64 proteins from DENV infected human hepatic cells (Huh-7) that interact with NS1 by affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation assays. The subcellular location and expression levels during infection of the ribosomal proteins RPS3a, RPL7, RPL18, RPL18a plus GAPDH were determined. None of these proteins changed their expression levels during infection; however, RPL-18 was redistributed to the perinuclear region after 48hpi. Silencing of the RPL-18 does not affect cell translation efficiency or viability, but it reduces significantly viral translation, replication and viral yield, suggesting that the RPL-18 is required during DENV replicative cycle

Reproductive evaluation of Charolais and Charbray bulls on the reproductive efficiency of herds in warm subhumid climate of Veracruz

Objective: To analyze the breeding soundness examination (BSE) of the Charolais and Charbray breeds in the humid tropics on the efficiency of herds to determine differences between breeds. Design / methodology / approach: Results of the BSE of N = 90 Bulls, Charolais (n = 33) and Charbray (n = 57) breeds, evaluated in situ during the years, 2017-2019. Bull (age, body condition score, libido and scrotal circumference), semen (concentration, motility and volume), herd (pregnancy rate and calve interval) and environmental variables (season: dry and rainy) were analyzed with ANOVA One-Way, factorial, multiple regression and multivariate analyses, using STATISTICA v10 software. Results: Charolais and Charbray bulls show similar results in BSE (p> 0.05) in tropical environmental conditions. Limitations / implications: Seasons and do not affect (p <0.05) the BSE. Libido, a variable not systematically included in the BSE is associated (p <0.05) with age (R = -0.42), motility (R = 0.67), sperm concentration (R = 0.66) pregnancy rate (R = 0.63) and clave interval (R= -0.33). Findings / conclusions: Variables with high association with the gestation rate were: age (R = -0.50), libido (R = 0.63), motility (R = 0.60) and sperm concentration (R = 0.51). Variables with high association (p <0.05) with the calve interval were: age (R = 0.74) and libido (R = -0.33). The environmental variables did not affect the ECR of the Charolais and Charbray bulls in a different way.Objective: To correlate the Breeding Soundness Evaluation (BSE) of Charolais andCharbray bulls in the warm subhumid climate and its effect on the Pregnancy rate andCalving interval of herds to estimate differences between breeds.Design/methodology/approach: BSE was carried out on N = 90 Bulls; Charolais (n =33) and Charbray (n = 57), evaluated in situ during the period 2017 to 2019. Bull (age, body condition, libido, and scrotal circumference), Semen (concentration, motility, and volume), Herd (Pregnancy rate and Calving interval) and environment variables (Rainy and Dry season) were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA, Factorial, Multiple regression, and Multivariate analysis.Results: Charolais and Charbray bulls show similar results in the BSE (p>0.05) in awarm subhumid climate.Limitations/implications: Year season (Rainy or Dry) do not affect (p<0.05) the BSErating. Libido is associated (p<0.05) with age (R=-0.42), sperm motility (R=0.67), spermconcentration (R=0.66) and pregnancy rate (R=0.63). Findings/conclusions: Variables with high association (p<0.05) with pregnancy ratewere libido (R=0.63), motility (R=0.60), sperm concentration (R=0.51) and age (R=-0.50); variables with high association (p<0.05) with calving interval were: age (R=0.74)and libido (R=-0.33). Charolais and Charbray bulls show similar reproductive efficiencyin herds under a warm subhumid climate in Veracruz

<em>In vitro</em> Evaluation of the Phagocytosis Activity of Neutrophils and Characterization of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> Mastitis in Dairy Cows of Small Family Farms

A total of 269 cows in small family herds in the central region of México from different municipalities of México State were studied. Composed milk samples were obtained to detect subclinical mastitis and S. aureus infection and for characterization of phenotypes as follows: biotypes, capsular exopolysaccharide 5 and 8, ORSA/MRSA and MRSA strains; and in vitro phagocytosis neutrophil activity and apoptosis by S. aureus serotype 5. Results were evaluated by estimating proportions and chi-square test (p < 0.05). The microbial isolation rate was 46%; S. aureus isolation rate was 23.4–21.0% among cow herds; 39% of microbial isolates were in 1500–2500 cells/mL, with Wisconsin test. The phenotypes of S. aureus were: biotypes A and C are identified frequently that produce alpha and beta-hemolysin toxins, and a smaller proportion other hemolysins types. S. aureus isolates capsular serotypes 5 and 8 show differences in the in vitro neutrophil phagocytosis activity and apoptosis. The ORSA/MRSA isolates show that MRSA strains? mec A gene was confirmed by PCR. The S. aureus infection level in the dairy cow herds shows a wide municipal distribution, identifying different S. aureus pathotypes enclosed to virulence factors and MRSA to establish a potential health risk in small dairy cow herds in México

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI &lt;18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For school&#x2;aged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI &lt;2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI &gt;2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Ciencia Odontológica 2.0

Libro que muestra avances de la Investigación Odontológica en MéxicoEs para los integrantes de la Red de Investigación en Estomatología (RIE) una enorme alegría presentar el segundo de una serie de 6 libros sobre casos clínicos, revisiones de la literatura e investigaciones. La RIE está integrada por cuerpos académicos de la UAEH, UAEM, UAC y UdeG

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions