Otros sujetos de derecho o personas (?)

La existencia de nuevos sujetos de derecho o personas es evidente en múltiples ordenamientos jurídicos, ya que además de las personas naturales y jurídicas, se han abierto camino como sujetos de derecho o personas comunidades étnicas, generaciones futuras, los seres sintientes y algunos ecosistemas con los que la humanidad comparte vida, hábitats y dependencia. Los derechos étnicos, ambientales, de la naturaleza y de protección animal han abierto la posibilidad teórica para desantropologizar el derecho, posibilitando -inclusive-  perspectivas teóricas mucho más ambiciosas relacionadas con las inteligencias artificiales, androides/robots o los seres espirituales. El presente documento es una aproximación teórica para una teoría heterogénea del concepto de persona que desborde sus límites antropocéntricos

Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on stroke and atrial fibrillation in diabetic kidney disease: Results from the CREDENCE trial and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Chronic kidney disease with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate or elevated albuminuria increases risk for ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. This study assessed the effects of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on stroke and atrial fibrillation/flutter (AF/AFL) from CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation) and a meta-Analysis of large cardiovascular outcome trials (CVOTs) of SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: CREDENCE randomized 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease to canagliflozin or placebo. Post hoc, we estimated effects on fatal or nonfatal stroke, stroke subtypes, and intermediate markers of stroke risk including AF/AFL. Stroke and AF/AFL data from 3 other completed large CVOTs and CREDENCE were pooled using random-effects meta-Analysis. RESULTS: In CREDENCE, 142 participants experienced a stroke during follow-up (10.9/1000 patient-years with canagliflozin, 14.2/1000 patient-years with placebo; hazard ratio [HR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.55-1.08]). Effects by stroke subtypes were: ischemic (HR, 0.88 [95% CI, 0.61-1.28]; n=111), hemorrhagic (HR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.19-1.32]; n=18), and undetermined (HR, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.20-1.46]; n=17). There was no clear effect on AF/AFL (HR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.53-1.10]; n=115). The overall effects in the 4 CVOTs combined were: Total stroke (HRpooled, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.82-1.12]), ischemic stroke (HRpooled, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.89-1.14]), hemorrhagic stroke (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.30-0.83]), undetermined stroke (HRpooled, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.49-1.51]), and AF/AFL (HRpooled, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]). There was evidence that SGLT2i effects on total stroke varied by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (P=0.01), with protection in the lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate (45 mL/min/1.73 m2]) subgroup (HRpooled, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.79]). CONCLUSIONS: Although we found no clear effect of SGLT2i on total stroke in CREDENCE or across trials combined, there was some evidence of benefit in preventing hemorrhagic stroke and AF/AFL, as well as total stroke for those with lowest estimated glomerular filtration rate. Future research should focus on confirming these data and exploring potential mechanisms

Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to 300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m 2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to &lt;90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], &gt;300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of &lt;15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P&lt;0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P&lt;0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Os idosos e o território de Jenoy (Pasto, Colômbia): afazer etnográfico e etnoliteratura de resistência

The present article is the result of an undisciplined, long-lasting and supportive ethnographic work that aims to examine the process of identity and territorial reconstruction of the native people of Jenoy (Colombia), thirteen years after being declared a disaster area located in the territory adjacent to the Galeras volcano in 2005 (Decree 4106), and receiving the order to relocate the population settled in a zone of high volcanic risk in 2008 (Decree 3905); both decisions being subsequently ratified by the constitutional jurisprudence in 2015 (Sentence T-269) despite the legitimate community opposition (Article 16, Law 21 of 1991). The construction of the document is proposed from a literary ethnography or ethnoliterature, based on the oral and territorial memory of the elderly native people. For this purpose, the work is oriented towards dialogue, solidarity and the search for new paths.El presente documento, desde un quehacer etnográfico indisciplinado, de largo aliento y solidario, presenta una mirada del proceso de reconstrucción identitaria y territorial del pueblo originario de Jenoy (Colombia), trece años después de la declaratoria como zona de desastre del territorio aledaño al volcán Galeras en 2005 (Decreto 4106), y la orden de reubicación de la población humana asentada en la zona de amenaza volcánica alta en 2008 (Decreto 3905); todo ratificado por la jurisprudencia constitucional en 2015 (Sentencia T-269), a pesar de la legítima oposición comunitaria (Art. 16, Ley 21 de 1991). La construcción del documento se propone desde una etnografía literaria o etnoliteratura, fundamentada en la memoria oral y territorial de los Mayores. Son herramientas suyas el diálogo, la solidaridad y los caminos.O presente documento, desde um afazer etnográfico indisciplinado, de longo alento e solidário, apresenta um olhar do processo de reconstrução identitária e territorial do povo originário de Jenoy (Colômbia), treze anos após a declaratória como uma área de desastre do território adjacente ao vulcão Galeras em 2005 (Decreto 4106), e a ordem de relocalização da população humana assentada na zona de ameaça vulcânica alta em 2008 (Decreto 3905); todo ratificado pela jurisprudência constitucional em 2015 (Sentencia T-269) a pesar da legítima oposição comunitária (Art. 16, Lei 21 de 1991). A construção do documento propõe-se desde uma etnografia literária ou etnoliteratura; fundamentada na memória oral e territorial dos idosos. Diálogo, solidariedade e estradas são suas ferramentas

Otros sujetos de derecho o personas (?)

A existência de novos sujeitos de direito ou pessoas é evidente em múltiplos ordenamentos jurídicos, pois para além das pessoas naturais e jurídicas, se têm aberto caminho como sujeitos de direito ou pessoas comunidades étnicas, gerações futuras, os seres sencientes e alguns ecossistemas com os que a humanidade compartilha vida, hábitats e dependência. Os direitos étnicos, ambientais, da natureza e de proteção animal têm aberto a possibilidade teórica para desantropologizar o direito, possibilitando, inclusive, perspectivas teóricas muito mais ambiciosas relacionadas com as inteligências artificiais, androides/robôs ou os seres espirituais. O presente documento é uma aproximação teórica.La existencia de nuevos sujetos de derecho o personas es evidente en múltiples ordenamientos jurídicos, ya que además de las personas naturales y jurídicas, se han abierto camino como sujetos de derecho o personas comunidades étnicas, generaciones futuras, los seres sintientes y algunos ecosistemas con los que la humanidad comparte vida, hábitats y dependencia. Los derechos étnicos, ambientales, de la naturaleza y de protección animal han abierto la posibilidad teórica para desantropologizar el derecho, posibilitando –inclusive–  perspectivas teóricas mucho más ambiciosas relacionadas con las inteligencias artificiales, androides/robots o los seres espirituales. El presente documento es una aproximación teórica para una teoría heterogénea del concepto de persona que desborde sus límites antropocéntricos.  The existence of new subjects of law or people is evident in multiple legal systems, since in addition to natural and legal persons, ethnic communities, future generations, sentient beings and some ecosystems with which the humanity shares life, habitats and dependency, have opened a place in the legal reflection as if they were persons. The ethnic, environmental, nature and animal protection rights have opened the theoretical possibility to remove anthropological conception from the law, allowing much more ambitious theoretical perspectives related to artificial intelligences, androids/robots or spiritual beings. This document is a theoretical approach for a heterogeneous theory of the concept of person that overflows its anthropocentric limits

Las personas, las cosas y la propiedad a partir de los derechos para no humanos

La irrupción de nuevos sujetos de derechos o personas no humanas ha puesto de relieve la necesidad de replantear los cimientos mismos del derecho, desde sus conceptos, uso y su enseñanza, pues las estructuras jurídicas deben reacomodarse a una interpretación del derecho más allá del eje antropocéntrico, concentrándose en reforzar la protección ambiental y animal, tan necesaria en los actuales momentos de crisis planetaria. Además del concepto de persona, que se ha ampliado más allá de los seres humanos, el concepto de propiedad debe redefinirse en función de una relación que debe ser mucho más justa entre los seres humanos, sus sociedades, y los demás seres vivos, como individuos, especies y ecosistemas. El presente ensayo plantea una serie de inquietudes ante la irrupción de los nuevos sujetos de derechos no humanos, esbozando caminos hacia una redefinición del ordenamiento jurídico en función de un ecocentrismo que contrarreste las injusticias del dominio negativo humano sobre la naturaleza.The emergence of new subjects of rights or non-human persons has highlighted the need to rethink the very foundations of law, from concepts, use and teaching, because legal structures must be rearmed to an interpretation of the law beyond the anthropocentric axis , concentrating on reinforcing the environmental and animal protection, so necessary in the current moments of planetary crisis. In addition to the concept of person, which has been extended beyond human beings, the concept of property must be redefined according to a relationship that must be much more just between human beings, their societies, and other living beings, as individuals, species and ecosystems. The present essay raises a series of concerns about the emergence of new subjects of non-human rights, outlining ways towards a redefinition of the legal system based on an ecocentrism that counteracts the injustices of human negative dominion over nature.http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001344311https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-224Xhttps://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000003031franco.ceballosr@campusucc.edu.c

Los Mayores y el territorio de Jenoy (Pasto, Colombia): quehacer etnográfico y etnoliteratura de resistencia

El presente documento, desde un quehacer etnográfico indisciplinado, de largo aliento y solidario, presenta una mirada del proceso de reconstrucción identitaria y territorial del pueblo originario de Jenoy (Colombia), trece años después de la [email protected]

Aproximaciones a los derechos de la naturaleza y el buen vivir desde los pueblos originarios en Colombia: Retos frente a los desafíos ambientales del siglo XXI

El texto es una aproximación a las herramientas jurídico políticas presentes en la Constitución Política de Colombia relacionados con los que se conoce los derechos de la naturaleza y el buen vivir en las perspectiva constirucional en los [email protected]

El cabildo de indígenas: De la opresión colonial a la resistencia contemporánea. el caso del pueblo quillasinga de mocondino (San Juan De Pasto, Colombia)

The institution of the Council of Indigenous, Colonial origin, Colombia has suffered a series of historical transformations that have become, at present, the main community organization for the defense of the autonomy of indigenous peoples, being, in the case quillasinga's people of Mocondino (San Juan de Pasto), is the element that connects the ancient past to the present and historical reconstruction resistance against the abuses of contemporary legal and political demise by 1948, based on the idea that the past is ahead, marking the path where walk and to retrace must roads of the future. From a Colonial institution of social control and subjugation of native peoples, the council has become the stronghold for community resistance to the abuses in the republic have continued addition of the element dimensions Mocondino's history as a indissoluble and moving, under the current political and legal situations initiated in 1991 with the enactment of Law 21 (Convention 169/1989 of the ILO) and the current [email protected]