El petróleo, historia y refino

Los objetivos de este proyecto es el estudio de los usos del petróleo a lo largo de la historia y la evolución del proceso de refino según las necesidades

Geographical distribution of COPD prevalence in Europe, estimated by an inverse distance weighting interpolation technique

Existing data on COPD prevalence are limited or totally lacking in many regions of Europe. The geographic information system inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique has proved to be an effective tool in spatial distribution estimation of epidemiological variables, when real data are few and widely separated. Therefore, in order to represent cartographically the prevalence of COPD in Europe, an IDW interpolation mapping was performed. The point prevalence data provided by 62 studies from 19 countries (21 from 5 Northern European countries, 11 from 3 Western European countries, 14 from 5 Central European countries, and 16 from 6 Southern European countries) were identified using validated spirometric criteria. Despite the lack of data in many areas (including all regions of the eastern part of the continent), the IDW mapping predicted the COPD prevalence in the whole territory, even in extensive areas lacking real data. Although the quality of the data obtained from some studies may have some limitations related to different confounding factors, this methodology may be a suitable tool for obtaining epidemiological estimates that can enable us to better address this major public health problem

Spanish adaptation and validation of the child- and parent-report cystic fibrosis questionnaire-revised (CFQ-R)

Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Spanish versions of the child- and parent-report cystic fibrosis questionnaire-revised (CFQ-R). Methods: A Spanish adaptation of the CFQ-R was performed; 68 children with CF (6-13 years) and their parents completed the child- and parent-report CFQ-R, respectively, and the Revidierter KINDer Lebensqualitätsfragebogen (KINDL) questionnaire. The CFQ-R was completed twice, 7-10 days apart, and its psychometric properties were analyzed. Results: The internal consistency of both CFQ-R versions was adequate (child-report version, Cronbach's α >.60 for all domains except 'Treatment Burden' [α = .42] and 'Social Functioning' [α = .57]; parent-report version, α > .60 for all domains except 'Social Functioning' [α = .58]). For the child-report version, the lowest measurement error was for 'Emotional Functioning' (standard error of measurement [SEM]: 8.3%; minimal detectable change [MDC90 ]: 19.3%), and the highest was for 'Body Image' (SEM: 15%; MDC90 : 35%). For the parent-report version, the lowest measurement error was for 'Physical Functioning' (SEM: 7.1%; MDC90 : 16.5%), and the highest was for 'Weight' (SEM: 17.2%; MDC90 ; 40.1%). The correlation between the versions showed higher agreement for the domains related to observable signs ('Physical Functioning') and lower agreement for 'Emotional Functioning.' There was a significant correlation between the CFQ-R and KINDL. Conclusion: Both the child- and parent-report versions of the Spanish CFQ-R have adequate reliability and validity for clinical and research purposes. These versions can be administered before and after starting modulator therapy to assess its effect on daily functioning. The MDC90 can help identify, with a high probability, whether real changes have occurred in the quality-of-life subscales in children with CF

Geographical distribution of COPD prevalence in Europe, estimated by an inverse distance weighting interpolation technique

Existing data on COPD prevalence are limited or totally lacking in many regions of Europe. The geographic information system inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation technique has proved to be an effective tool in spatial distribution estimation of epidemiological variables, when real data are few and widely separated. Therefore, in order to represent cartographically the prevalence of COPD in Europe, an IDW interpolation mapping was performed. The point prevalence data provided by 62 studies from 19 countries (21 from 5 Northern European countries, 11 from 3 Western European countries, 14 from 5 Central European countries, and 16 from 6 Southern European countries) were identified using validated spirometric criteria. Despite the lack of data in many areas (including all regions of the eastern part of the continent), the IDW mapping predicted the COPD prevalence in the whole territory, even in extensive areas lacking real data. Although the quality of the data obtained from some studies may have some limitations related to different confounding factors, this methodology may be a suitable tool for obtaining epidemiological estimates that can enable us to better address this major public health problem

Miradas colectivas del departamento del Tolima municipios Ibagué y Espinal

Mapa Situacional y Tabla 1 Descripción de los proyectos realizados por los estudiantes en las comunidades.El Informe de Investigación denominado Miradas Colectivas del Departamento del Tolima Municipios de Ibagué y Espinal, es realizado desde la necesidad de lograr identificar las problemáticas sociales que se encuentran afectando la calidad de vida de las comunidades y como este fenómeno social es analizado desde el interior del sistema familiar. Desde esta perspectiva fueron desarrolladas cinco investigaciones, cuatro de ellas en el Municipio de Ibagué y una en el Espinal, en donde se abordaron problemáticas como: el exceso laboral y su incidencia en situaciones conflictivas al interior de las familias, bajas expectativas de los jóvenes frente a su fututo, limitaciones dentro de la realidad educativa para resolver conductas disruptivas y consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en adolescentes y como la disfuncionalidad familiar incide en esta problemática; la población objeto de estudio fueron familias de comunidades vulnerables del territorio, así como mujeres trabajadoras de un hogar infantil con las cuales se logró conocer la influencia que tiene el acceso de la mujer al entorno laboral y como estas situaciones modifican las dinámicas familiares produciendo en algunas situaciones conflictivas que terminan desencadenando riesgos psicosociales frente al desarrollo de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. El quehacer del psicólogo frente al acompañamiento de las familias busca generar el reconocimiento de su propia realidad y a través de esto promover procesos de empoderamiento, estableciendo espacios de calidad, fortaleciendo el proyecto de vida y el aprendizaje de habilidades sociales, resilientes e inteligencia emocional que sin duda contribuirán al Desarrollo Humano.The Research Report called Collective Views of the Department of Tolima Municipalities of Ibagué and Espinal, is made from the need to identify social problems that are affecting the quality of life of communities and how this social phenomenon is analyzed from the interior of the Family system. From this perspective, five investigations were carried out, four of them in the Municipality of Ibagué and one in the Espinal, where they dealt with problems such as: overwork and its incidence in conflictive situations within families, To its future, limitations within the educational reality to solve disruptive behaviors and consumption of psychoactive substances in adolescents and how the family dysfunction affects this problem; The study population were families of vulnerable communities in the territory, as well as female workers in a children's home with whom it was possible to know the influence of women's access to the work environment and how these situations modify the family dynamics producing in some Conflictive situations that end up triggering psychosocial risks to the development of children and adolescents. The psychologist's task with regard to the accompaniment of families seeks to generate the recognition of their own reality and through this to promote processes of empowerment, establishing quality spaces, strengthening the project of life and learning social skills, resilient and emotional intelligence that without Doubt contribute to Human Development

Alpha-1 antitrypsin Pi*SZ genotype: Estimated prevalence and number of SZ subjects worldwide

The alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) haplotype Pi*S, when inherited along with the Pi*Z haplotype to form a Pi*SZ genotype, can be associated with pulmonary emphysema in regular smokers, and less frequently with liver disease, panniculitis, and systemic vasculitis in a small percentage of people, but this connection is less well established. Since the detection of cases can allow the application of preventive measures in patients and relatives with this congenital disorder, the objective of this study was to update the prevalence of the SZ genotype to achieve accurate estimates of the number of Pi*SZ subjects worldwide, based on studies performed according to the following criteria: 1) samples representative of the general population, 2) AAT phenotyping characterized by adequate methods, and 3) selection of studies with reliable results assessed with a coefficient of variation calculated from the sample size and 95% confidence intervals. Studies fulfilling these criteria were used to develop tables and maps with an inverse distance-weighted (IDW) interpolation method, to provide numerical and geographical information of the Pi*SZ distribution worldwide. A total of 262 cohorts from 71 countries were included in the analysis. With the data provided by these cohorts, a total of 1,490,816 Pi*SZ were estimated: 708,792 in Europe; 582,984 in America and Caribbean; 85,925 in Africa; 77,940 in Asia; and 35,176 in Australia and New Zealand. Remarkably, the IDW interpolation maps predicted the Pi*SZ prevalence throughout the entire world even in areas lacking real data. These results may be useful to plan strategies for future research, diagnosis, and management of affected individuals

Programa de acogida, apoyo y orientación a los nuevos estudiantes de las titulaciones de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología

Diseño y Planificación de un Programa para acoger en la Facultad a los estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en primer curso que básicamente pretende informar de qué es la Universidad, cómo es la Complutense, cómo es la Facultad y todo acerca de los recursos de todo tipo que se brindan a cada titulación de esta su Facultad a partir de ahora

Excretion and viability of SARS-CoV-2 in feces and its association with the clinical outcome of COVID-19

The main objective was to evaluate the viability of the SARS-CoV-2 viral particles excreted in stools. In addition, we aimed to identify clinical factors associated with the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces, and to determine if its presence is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome, defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and/or death. A prospective multicenter cohort study of COVID-19 adult patients, with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by RT-PCR assay in nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs admitted to four hospitals in Spain, from March 2020 to February 2021. Sixty-two adult COVID-19 patients had stool samples collected at admission and/or during the follow up, with a total of 79 stool samples. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool samples from 27 (43.5%) out of the 62 patients. Replicative virus, measured by the generation of cytopathic effect in cell culture and subsequent RT-PCR confirmation of a decrease in the Ct values, was not found in any of these stool samples. Fecal virus excretion was not associated with the presence of gastrointestinal symptoms, or with differences in the evolution of COVID-19 patients. Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 replicative capacity is null or very limited in stool samples, and thus, the fecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as an alternative infection route is highly unlikely. In our study, the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces at the beginning of the disease is not associated with any clinical factor nor with an unfavorable clinical outcome.This work was supported by National Plan R+D+I 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases [REIPI RD16/0016/0009]; cofinanced by European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe”, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020; and supported by Grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Proyectos de Investigación sobre el SARS-CoV-2 y la enfermedad COVID-19 [COV20/00370; COV20/00580]. J.S.C. is a researcher belonging to the program “Nicolás Monardes” (C-0059-2018), Servicio Andaluz de Salud, Junta de Andalucía, Spain.Peer reviewe

The Ariel payload electrical and electronic architecture: a summary of the current design and implementation status

Ariel is the M4 mission of the ESA’s Cosmic Vision Program 2015-2025, whose aim is to characterize by lowresolution transit spectroscopy the atmospheres of over one thousand warm and hot exoplanets orbiting nearby stars. It has been selected by ESA in March 2018 and adopted in November 2020 to be flown, then, in 2029. It is the first survey mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of the atmospheres of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, in order to enable planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The Payload (P/L) is based on a cold section (PLM – Payload Module) working at cryogenic temperatures and a warm section, located within the Spacecraft (S/C) Service Vehicle Module (SVM) and hosting five warm units operated at ambient temperature (253-313 K). The P/L and its electrical, electronic and data handling architecture has been designed and optimized to perform transit spectroscopy from space during primary and secondary planetary eclipses in order to achieve a large set of unbiased observations to shed light and fully understand the nature of exoplanets atmospheres, retrieving information about planets interior and determining the key factors affecting the formation and evolution of planetary systems

A personalized intervention to prevent depression in primary care: cost-effectiveness study nested into a clustered randomized trial

Abstract Background: Depression is viewed as a major and increasing public health issue, as it causes high distress in the people experiencing it and considerable financial costs to society. Efforts are being made to reduce this burden by preventing depression. A critical component of this strategy is the ability to assess the individual level and profile of risk for the development of major depression. This paper presents the cost-effectiveness of a personalized intervention based on the risk of developing depression carried out in primary care, compared with usual care. Methods: Cost-effectiveness analyses are nested within a multicentre, clustered, randomized controlled trial of a personalized intervention to prevent depression. The study was carried out in 70 primary care centres from seven cities in Spain. Two general practitioners (GPs) were randomly sampled from those prepared to participate in each centre (i.e. 140 GPs), and 3326 participants consented and were eligible to participate. The intervention included the GP communicating to the patient his/her individual risk for depression and personal risk factors and the construction by both GPs and patients of a psychosocial programme tailored to prevent depression. In addition, GPs carried out measures to activate and empower the patients, who also received a leaflet about preventing depression. GPs were trained in a 10- to 15-h workshop. Costs were measured from a societal and National Health care perspective. Qualityadjustedlife years were assessed using the EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire. The time horizon was 18 months.This work was supported by grants from the Spanish Ministry of Health, the Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ’A way to build Europe’(grant references PS09/02272, PS09/02147, PS09/01095, PS09/00849 and PS09/00461); the Andalusian Council of Health (grant reference PI-0569-2010); the Spanish Network of Primary Care Research ’redIAPP’ (RD06/0018, RD12/0005/0001); the ’Aragón group’ (RD06/0018/0020, RD12/0005/0006); the ’Bizkaya group’ (RD06/0018/0018, RD12/0005/0010); the Castilla-León Group (RD06/0018/0027); the Mental Health (SJD) Barcelona Group (RD06/0018/0017, RD12/0005/0008); and the Mental-Health, Services and Primary Care (SAMSERAP) MálagaGroup (RD06/0018/0039, RD12/0005/0005)