Odderon Exchange from Elastic Scattering Differences between pp and pp−^{-} Data at 1.96 TeV and from pp Forward Scattering Measurements

We describe an analysis comparing the p¯p elastic cross section as measured by the D0 Collaboration at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV to that in pp collisions as measured by the TOTEM Collaboration at 2.76, 7, 8, and 13 TeV using a model-independent approach. The TOTEM crosssections, extrapolated to a center-of-mass energy of √s=1.96  TeV, are compared with the D0 measurement in the region of the diffractive minimum and the second maximum of the pp cross section. The two data sets disagree at the 3.4σ level and thus provide evidence for the t-channel exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound, also known as the odderon. We combine these results with a TOTEM analysis of the same C-odd exchange based on the total cross section and the ratio of the real to imaginary parts of the forward elastic strong interaction scatteringamplitude in pp scattering for which the significance is between 3.4σ and 4.6σ. The combined significance is larger than 5σ and is interpreted as the first observation of the exchange of a colorless, C-odd gluonic compound

Two-Dimensional Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Physical Properties in Tillage Systems Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of different tillage systems on the spatial and temporal variation of soil resistivity and soil features related to resistance to penetration and porosity using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Two-dimensional (vertical and horizontal) ERT was performed on long-term conventional deep tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), no-tillage (NT), and by tilling a no-till plot (freshly tilled no-till [FTNT]). The tillage treatments were compared in two different studies with measurements taken at different scale and with two different sampling configurations. The first study consisted of ERT measured on a 5.75 m linear transect with horizontal and vertical high resolution measurements and a sec- ond study performed at the field scale using an on-the-go automatic resistivity profile. The on-the-go equipment collected data simultaneously at three different depths (50, 100, 200 cm) and data were referenced by differential global positioning systems (DGPS). Total variation in soil resistivity was significantly explained by tillage treatment and soil depth and by their interaction. The response of soil resistivity to tillage was able to significantly discern between tilled and untilled soil, and between FTNT and the old tillage. Soil resistance to penetration also allowed to detect highly significant differences between the untilled and other treatments at 5 cm, but did not discriminate between FTNT and the other tilled treatments, due to high variability. The automatic resistivity profiling (ARP) measurements were affected by fresh tillage, given the strong response of resistivity to soil bulk density for the first layer

Two-Dimensional Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Physical Properties in Tillage Systems Using Electrical Resistivity Tomography

he objective of this research was to assess the effects of different tillage systems on the spatial and temporal variation of soil resistivity and soil features related to resistance to penetration and porosity using Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Two-dimensional (vertical and horizontal) ERT was performed on long-term conventional deep tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), no-tillage (NT), and by tilling a no-till plot (freshly tilled no-till [FTNT]). The tillage treatments were compared in two different studies with measurements taken at different scale and with two different sampling configurations. The first study consisted of ERT measured on a 5.75 m linear transect with horizontal and vertical high resolution measurements and a second study performed at the field scale using an on-the-go automatic resistivity profile. The on-the-go equipment collected data simultaneously at three different depths (50, 100, 200 cm) and data were referenced by differential global positioning systems (DGPS). Total variation in soil resistivity was significantly explained by tillage treatment and soil depth and by their interaction. The response of soil resistivity to tillage was able to significantly discern between tilled and untilled soil, and between FTNT and the old tillage. Soil resistance to penetration also allowed to detect highly significant differences between the untilled and other treatments at 5 cm, but did not discriminate between FTNT and the other tilled treatments, due to high variability. The automatic resistivity profiling (ARP) measurements were affected by fresh tillage, given the strong response of resistivity to soil bulk density for the first layer

Effects of a new antibacterial adhesive on the repair capacity of the pulp-dentine complex in infected teeth

Aim: To evaluate the effects of a self-etching/priming adhesive system, containing the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxy-dodecylpyridinium bromide (MDPB), on the repair capacity of the pulp-dentine complex in infected cavities in dog's teeth. Methodology: Class V cavities with a residual dentine thickness ranging from 0.3-0.8 mm were prepared on the buccal surface of permanent teeth in four dogs. Pulpal exposures were performed in half of the cavities. Millipore filters that had been incubated for 3 h in a 10(5) milky suspension of a-streptococci were placed in the cavities, which were then filled temporarily. After 24 h, the filters were removed and both the exposed and non-exposed cavities were washed with sterile saline and assigned to four groups which were treated with either the experimental antibacterial adhesive system, or Clearfil SE bond, Dycal and Teflon discs. Stereotype connective tissue reactions (inflammatory cell response and/or tissue necrosis) and pulp-specific reparative tissue responses (reduction of odontoblasts and tertiary dentine formation) were assessed at post-operative periods of 4 and 8 weeks. Results: Neither severe inflammation nor tissue necrosis was observed, either in the dentinal cavities or pulpal exposures treated with the self-etch adhesive containing MDPB. Rates of tertiary dentine formation in infected dentinal cavities treated with this system were comparable with those observed after dentine treatment with the Ca(OH)(2)-based material. Dentinal bridging was not seen in pulpal exposures treated with the experimental adhesive. Conclusions: The new antibacterial adhesive system maintained pulp vitality and primary odontoblastic function in infected nonexposed and exposed cavities but interfered with reparative dentine formation in infected pulpal exposures

Biodiversité en environnement marin

Les océans couvrent plus de 70 % de notre planète. Ils hébergent une biodiversité d'une extraordinaire richesse, dont beaucoup reste à découvrir. Préserver cette biodiversité marine nécessite de mieux la connaître dans toutes ses dimensions, du gène à l'écosystème. Comprendre sa dynamique et ses usages est un véritable défi scientifique. La protection de ce patrimoine est désormais une priorité mondiale inscrite dans plusieurs conventions internationales et un objectif affirmé des politiques européennes et des stratégies nationales. Un livre sans parti pris, pour tous les citoyens curieux de leur environnement, qui cherchent à se construire une opinion sans oublier que la préservation de ces richesses naturelles est entre leurs mains