ASSOCIATION OF CARIES EXPERIENCE WITH SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS AMONG ADULTS OF DIFFERENT AGES FROM IASI COUNTY, ROMANIA

The purpose of the present study is to determine the possible occurrence of SES disparity in caries experience (DMFT) in young adult and adult samples, and to establish whether differences in oral hygiene behaviors or preven‐ tive attitude can cause this disparity. Materials and method: A cross‐sectional study, conducted over 10 months in 2011, involved completion of a structured ques‐ tionnaire with information about the demographic profile, educational status, income, occupation, dental visits, rea‐ son of the visits, oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, underlying systemic diseases, smoking. Oral health status was obtained through clinical examination, using the World Health Organization (WHO) oral health assessment form (Basic Oral Health Surveys, 1997). The examination was conducted by a single, trained, calibrated examiner (dentist). Results: The study was conducted on a sample group formed of 327 young adults (229 females and 98 males; mean age: 21.99 years, SD: 2.30) with ages between 18‐26 years, and on 161 adults (97 females and 64 males; mean age: 34.96 years, SD: 5.59) with ages between 27‐ 45 years. The prevalence of dental caries in young adults was 96.3% (females: 72.7%, males: 27.3%). The mean value of DMFT/S for females and males was 8.24 (4.99)/13.67 (8.86), and 7.02 (6.15)/11.77 (10.70), respectively. Signifi‐ cant differences were observed in caries prevalence and experience between sexes (p<0.05). The prevalence of den‐ tal caries in adults was 97.5% (females: 61.8%, males: 38.2%). The mean value of DMFT/S for females and males was 9.44 (4.32)/16.86 (10.40) and 8.45 (5.19)/15.64 (12.02), respectively. No significant difference was noticed in the prevalence between sexes (p<0.05). The authors found out that the mean values of caries experience (DMF) and of decayed and missing components have a significant incre‐ ase in subjects with medium and low SES levels, compara‐ tively with those with a high SES level. Conclusions: The prevalence of dental caries registred high values in both groups. Oral health behaviors were found to be highly associated with the socio‐economic level of young adults, while the most recent dental visit and tooth‐brushing frequency were not significantly associated with SES in the case of adults

Assessment Of Oro-Dental Health Status Using The Cao And Egohid Indexes At The Young People

CAO and CAOS epidemiological indices provide significant information for an overview assessment of dental health but can not make a nuanced type of carious lesions and involvement of the need for treatment. EGOHID system of clinical assessment and restoration of carious lesions provide evidence on lesion topography guided us on the degree of dental damage in motivating action supporting our dental health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the comparative in terms of dental health indices CAO, CAOS and EGOHID system. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on a sample of 122 subjects with a mean age 23.53 years in which data were collected on the type of carious lesion and the type of restoration. Data were collected by clinical examination and observation files recorded according to codes. All patients in the study were informed verbally about the purpose of the study noting their consent. Statistical data processing was performed with SPSS 14.00 for Windows fixing the threshold of statistical significance of p ≤ 0.05. Results and discussion: Comparative analysis of two systems of assessment revealed that significant differences p ≤ 0.05 for the system of assessment of dental status in the system component EGOHID carious lesions, lesion assessment is accomplished underestimated component CS of CAOS index showing an average of 4.42 (± 4.132) compared with EGOHID-C is the index of the cavity showing an average of 10.38 (± 7.484). Conclusion: Data obtained through evaluation of dental caries is higher, providing a concrete image of the orientation dentistry, early diagnosis of dental caries, treatment and hence the technicallity and restorative treatments

Preventive Attitudes Regarding Infection Control in the Dental Offices in Iaşi And Botoşani Counties. Comparative Evaluations

Infection control and safety in the dental office represent an essential part of modern dentistry. Aim The study aims to provide comparative evaluation of dentists’ compliance to infection control protocols in Iasi and Botosani counties from Moldavia region of Romania. Methods A cross-sectional study was initiated during January and February 2011 including 66 dentists aged between 25 and 65 years. Information was gathered using a 12-item questionnaire containing questions with one or with many possible answers. Data were statistically analysed using the SPSS 14.0 program and compared with chi-square test (p < 0.05). Results The majority of the dentists work in private individual dental offices (51.5% in Iasi County and 33.3% in Botosani County). Most of the subjects work 4 to 7 hours a day (72.1% in Iasi and 45.2% in Botosani). 33.3% of the dentists from Botosani and 29.1% from Iasi declare that they work with a dental assistant. High percentages of dentists (83.3% in Botosani and 91.6% in Iasi) consider that the equipment for individual protection should be the same and complete, irrespective of the patient’s medical status or required dental treatment. 95.2% of the dentists in Botosani and all of the dentists in Iasi use latex gloves, 92.8% in Botosani and100% in Iasi wear protective mask. In most of the dental offices (87.5% in Iasi, 80.8% in Botosani) the sterilisation is performed using dry heat – Pupinel. The majority of the subjects (64.2% in Botosani and 62.5 % in Iasi) perform hands hygiene when is necessary. The UV lamps are used in 14.2% of the dental offices in Botosani and 12.5% in Iasi. For the dental unit water decontamination the dentists use germicide agents in percentage of 16.6% in Iasi and 24.0% in Botosani. Conclusion Important efforts are necessary in order to improve availability of safety equipment and promote a safety culture in the dental offices. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the European Project “Ergonomics, prevention and performant management in dental medicine by adopting European standards” Contract: POSDRU/81/3.2/S/55651, 2010- 2013 – Project funded by European Social Fond “Invest in People

EXPLORING THE ASSOCIATION OF CARIES EXPERIENCE WITH SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOURAL FACTORS AMONG SCHOOLCHILDREN FROM IASI, ROMANIA

Aim of the study To explore the relationship between sociodemographic and oral health behavioural factors with dental caries experience in 6-8- and 11-13-year-old schoolchildren from Iasi. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of 306 in first grade and 278 in sixth grade children was conducted in Iasi in 2012. Information on child socio-demographic characteristics and dental behaviours was collected through questionnaires. Clinical examinations were performed by one trained dentist using the ICDAS II system and caries experience was measured using dmfs/DMFS index. Oral hygiene status was assessed using the Silness and Loe plaque index. The association of sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics and oral hygiene status with caries experience (dmfs/DMFS) was assessed using negative binominal regression models. Results: For 6-8 years old children, socio-economical position, sugary food consumption between meals, treatment and dental pain as reason for the last dental visit and oral hygiene status were found to be significantly associated with dental caries experience in both unadjusted and adjusted models. For 11-13 years old children, oral health status and relatives supervision when child not at school were strongly associated with high levels of caries experience, while all the other factor were not significantly associate with caries experience in both unadjusted and adjusted models. Conclusion: Sociodemographic and behavioural variables and oral hygiene status were found to be risk factors for caries experience in 6-8-yr-old children, while the first two indicators were not significantly associated in 11-13-yr-old children. Epidemiological data can be used for improved public oral health service planning and resource allocation within the region. Future oral health promotion and education programmes should address these risk factors for dental caries experience

Assessment Of Orthodontic Treatment Needs Of Schoolchildren From Iasi According To Index Of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN) And Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI)

To assess the distribution, prevalence and severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs in schoolchildren from Iasi, 12 years old. A sample of 200 schoolchildren (92 males and 108 females) randomly selected was obtained from 4 public schools from Iasi, Romania. The need for orthodontic treatment was measured using the IOTN and DAI. The DAI most of the subjects (77%) were deemed to require orthodontic treatment. Only about 5.8% had a handicapping malocclusion that needed mandatory treatment. A severe malocclusion for which treatment was highly desirable was recorded in 23% of the schoolchildren and 23.7% had a definite malocclusion for which treatment was elective. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in mean DAI scores between males and females. The IOTN/DHC: 15.3 % (95 % CI) of the 12-year olds need orthodontic treatment (grades 4 and 5). IOTN/AC: 11.4 % (95 % CI) in the 12-year olds need orthodontic treatment. No significant differences in the treatment needs proportions by gender were found (p>0.05). 77% of the adolescents from Iasi were in need of orthodontic treatment for dental health reasons. This study provides baseline data on the need and demand for orthodontic treatment among schoolchildren from Iasi

Dentists Attitude Towards Prevention in North-East Of Romania

The aim of this study was analyzed of attitudes and knowledge of the dentists of N-E region of Romanian country. Material and methods A questionnaire-based study was conducted including 152 dentists (72.4%-female, 27.6% males) aged between 25-65 years, from six areas of North-East Region, Romania. The questionnaire included 11 questions related to preventive practices in the dental office. Data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS14.00 program and chi-square test (p≤0.05). Results: The evaluation of the results was based on experience level in years: Gr. 1 = 0-5, Gr. 2 = 5-10, Gr. 3 = 10-20, Gr. 4 = more 20. Results The results shows that majority of the subject made primary prevention: local fluoridation 73% (111), oral hygiene 83.6% (127), sealants 73.7(112), scaling 89.5% (136) and only 25% (38) secondary prevention by restoration preventive with resins and most are in the Gr. 3 p≤0.05. Most practitioners know that they can influence both the risk of caries and periodontal disease Gr. 3 = 38.2% (58) and recommend a certain brush technique Gr.3=39.5 (60) being aware that it is effective in removing plaque Gr. 3= 40.1 (61) p=0,000. Conclusion Lack of interest of dentists from the methods of primary and secondary prevention of major oro-dental diseases is on absence of a dental prevention national program that to stimulate the attachment of specialists in prevention. Acknowledgements: This research was supported by the European project “Ergonomics, prevention and performing management in dental medicine by adopting European standards. Contract: POSDRU/81/3.2/S/55651, 2010-2013 – Project founded by European Social Fond Invest in People

EVALUATION OF INFECTION CONTROL KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES AMONG DENTAL TECHNICIANS IN IASI

The dental technicians are exposed to a potential risk for infection transmission during the professional activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of dental technicians towards the methods used to prevent infection transmission in the dental laboratories in Iaşi. Methods: A questionnaire-based study was initiated involving 68 technicians aged between 24 and 49 years. The 14 questions were related to infection control attitudes and implemented specific measures. Data were analyzed using SPSS 14 system and Chi-Square test (p<0.05). Results: 40,6% of technicians , mainly females (50,0%) , consider the risk of infection transmission in the dental laboratory to be moderate and 37,5% consider this risk to be low. 47% of respondents always wear protective gloves, most females (50%) and technicians with 3-5 years of work experience (66,7%). Disinfection of items leaving the dental laboratory is performed regularly by 81,3% of respondents. Hands hygiene is accomplished before donning gloves (15,8%) and after removing gloves (22,3%). 84,0% of the study participants reported that they always wear protective eyeglasses. Surface disinfection is performed regularly by 16,3% of the subjects. The technicians are vaccinated at a rate of 38% for HBV. Conclusions. The awareness and knowledge of dental technicians must be increased by educational interventions in order to prevent infection transmission and to increase the level of safety during the oral health care

ORAL HEALTH AND THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES OF THE CHILDREN, MOTHERS AND EDUCATORS IN IASI, ROMANIA

The aim of the study: Evaluation of oral health condition in 6 and 12 year-old children of Iasi, analysis of the health-promoting habits of children and mothers; demonstrating the relation between the educational level of the mother and children’s health-promoting habits, as well as their influence upon their own health condition; the differences between educators and mothers on their oral health knowledge. Materials and method: The study, performed in 5 schools of Iasi, between 2009-2010, included 345 children (6-7 yeas, class I) and 297 children (11-12 years, class VI), being devoted to the establishment of their odontal status, evaluated by the DMFT index, of the oral health level, evaluated with the OHI-S index and of periodontal health, appreciated with the (CPITN) index, through a clinical examination performed each year in school medicine consulting rooms, the data collected being included in the WHO files, according to some previously established criteria. Information has been collected from 523 mothers and 125 schoolmasters, by the questionnaire method, the statistical data obtained being analyzed with the SPSS 14.0 program. Results: The results obtained indicate an increased prevalence of the dental caries, of 86% for 6-7 year-old children, and of 76%, respectively, for the 11-12 year-old ones, nevertheless lower than the values registered in previous years. The DMFT value in 6-7 year-old children was 2.9, the DMFT value at ages of 11-12 years being of 2.8. 47% of the mothers indicated that the ”bacteria+sugar ” association represents the main cause of dental caries, 35% incriminated the ”bacteria”, while 27%  associate the formation of caries with the consumption of sugar. The causes of gingival bleeding were: incorrect dental brush (49%), bacterial plaque (44%), unhealthy diet (35%), general diseases (30%), heredity (9%), while 9% of the mothers did not know the possible causes of gingival bleeding. It was only 1.5% of the mothers that were convinced that the oral health of their child was very good, 17% – good, 47% – satisfactory, 19% – affected; 4% of the mothers refused to answer. 43.7% of the 6 year-old children and 67.8% of their mothers asserted that they practice dental brush at least twice a day. 23.1% of the 6 year-old children and 88.7% of their mothers have had a stomatological control in the last 12 months. Educated mothers tend to have more knowledge on dental health as well as regular health-promoting attitudes, participating actively, together with their children, to the realization of dental brush. Conclusions: The family is responsible for the child’s health-promoting life style, as it constitutes the first source of information on oral health. The results of the present study show that the health-promoting habits of the adults, as well as the level of their knowledge, represent important factors in the health promotion education of their children

ALL-CERAMIC APPLIANCES FOR PROSTHETIC REHABILITATION IN YOUNG PATIENTS

The aim of the present study was to assess a possible fixed rehabilitation in young patients, by means of CAD-CAM techniques. Materials and method. The CERCON substractive technique with zirconium oxide blanks was applied. Discussion. The obtained prosthetic structures are characterized by a better aesthetic integration, optimum marginal adaptation and suitable clinical longevity. Conclusions. All-ceramic prostheses appear as a biological solution in the prosthetic rehabilitation of young patients, as they require reduced removal of both enamel and dentin, while obeying the biological conservative principle of treatment