animal and meat samples

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Square-planar alkylidyne–osmium and five-coordinate alkylidene–osmium complexes: controlling the transformation from hydride-alkylidyne to alkylidene

This is an open access article published under an ACS AuthorChoice License.Square-planar alkylidyne and five-coordinate alkylidene mixed iPr3P–Os–IPr (IPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)imidazolylidene) complexes have been discovered and characterized, and their formation has been rationalized. The cationic five-coordinate hydride-alkylidyne compounds [OsHX(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3)]OTf (X = Cl (1), F (4); OTf = CF3SO3) undergo deprotonation with KOtBu to afford the trans-halide-alkylidyne square-planar derivatives OsX(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3) (X = Cl (2), F (5)). Oxidative addition of the C(sp)–H bond of phenylacetylene and methyl propiolate along the Cl–Os–CPh axis of 2 with the hydrogen atom directed to the alkylidyne leads to alkynyl-cis-hydride-alkylidyne intermediates, which rapidly evolve into the five-coordinate alkylidene complexes Os(C≡CR)Cl(═CHPh)(IPr)(PiPr3) (R = Ph (6), CO2Me (7)) as a consequence of the migration of the hydride from the metal center to the Cα atom of the alkylidyne. Oxidative addition of the C(sp)–H bond of methyl propiolate along the X–Os–CPh axis of 2 and 5 with the hydrogen atom directed to the halide gives the alkynyl-trans-hydride-alkylidyne derivatives OsH(C≡CCO2Me)X(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3) (X = Cl (8), F (9)). Complex 8 evolves into 7. However, complex 9 containing the stronger π-donor fluoride is stable. The oxidative addition of HCl to 2 selectively yields the cis-hydride-alkylidyne compound OsHCl2(≡CPh)(IPr)(PiPr3) (10), which is also stable.Financial support from the Spanish MINECO (Projects CTQ2014-52799-P, Red de Excelencia Consolider CTQ2014-51912-REDC), the DGA (E35), and the European Social Fund (FSE) is acknowledged. J.J.F.C. acknowledges support via a predoctoral fellowship from the DGA.Peer reviewe

Multi-drug and β-lactam resistance in Escherichia coli and food-borne pathogens

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The era of nano-bionic: 2D materials for wearable and implantable body sensors

Nano-bionics have the potential of revolutionizing modern medicine. Among nano-bionic devices, body sensors allow to monitor in real-time the health of patients, to achieve personalized medicine, and even to restore or enhance human functions. The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials is facilitating the manufacturing of miniaturized and ultrathin bioelectronics, that can be easily integrated in the human body. Their unique electronic properties allow to efficiently transduce physical and chemical stimuli into electric current. Their flexibility and nanometric thickness facilitate the adaption and adhesion to human body. The low opacity permits to obtain transparent devices. The good cellular adhesion and reduced cytotoxicity are advantageous for the integration of the devices in vivo. Herein we review the latest and more significant examples of 2D material-based sensors for health monitoring, describing their architectures, sensing mechanisms, advantages and, as well, the challenges and drawbacks that hampers their translation into commercial clinical devices

Metallo supramolecular cylinders inhibit HIV-1 TAR-TAT complex formation and viral replication in cellulo

Shape-selective recognition of nucleic acid structures by supramolecular drugs offers the potential to treat disease. The Trans Activation Response (TAR) region is a region of high secondary structure within the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) RNA that complexes with the virus-encoded Transactivator protein (TAT) and regulates viral transcription. Herein, we explore different metallo-supramolecular triple stranded helicates (cylinders) that target the TAR bulge motif and inhibit the formation of TAR-TAT complexes and HIV infection. Cylinders that incorporate Ni(II) and Ru(II) showed the most potent anti-viral activity with limited evidence of cellular cytotoxicity. These metallo-supramolecular compounds provide an exciting avenue for developing a new class of anti-viral agents

a one health approach

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systematic review & meta-analysis

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Characterization of Desmoglein Expression in the Normal Prostatic Gland. Desmoglein 2 Is an Independent Prognostic Factor for Aggressive Prostate Cancer

Purpose: The expression of desmogleins (DSGs), which are known to be crucial for establishing and maintaining the cell-cell adhesion required for tissue integrity, has been well characterized in the epidermis and hair follicle; however, their expression in other epithelial tissues such as prostate is poorly understood. Although downregulation of classical cadherins, such as E-cadherin, has been described in prostate cancer tissue samples, the expression of desmogleins has only been previously reported in prostate cancer cell lines. In this study we characterized desmoglein expression in normal prostate tissues, and further investigated whether Desmoglein 2 (DSG2) expression specifically can serve as a potential clinical prognostic factor for patients diagnosed with primary prostate cancer. Experimental Design: We utilized immunofluorescence to examine DSG2 expression in normal prostate (n = 50) and in a clinically well-characterized cohort of prostate cancer patients (n = 414). Correlation of DSG2 expression with clinico-pathological characteristics and biochemical recurrence was analyzed to assess its clinical significance. Results: These studies revealed that DSG2 and DSG4 were specifically expressed in prostatic luminal cells, whereas basal cells lack their expression. In contrast, DSG1 and DSG3 were not expressed in normal prostate epithelium. Further analyses of DSG2 expression in prostate cancer revealed that reduced levels of this biomarker were a significant independent marker of poor clinical outcome. Conclusion: Here we report for the first time that a low DSG2 expression phenotype is a useful prognostic biomarker of tumor aggressiveness and may serve as an aid in identifying patients with clinically significant prostate cancer

PEGylated bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons loaded with camptothecin as potential drug carriers

This work discusses the potential use of bottom-up synthesized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) as nano-carriers for drug delivery systems (DDSs). GNRs have a high loading capacity for anticancer drugs due to their high specific surface area and non-covalent adsorption with hydrophobic anticancer drug molecules. Herein, we synthesized GNRs using a bottom-up approach, modified with PEG2000 (GNR-PEG) and PEG2000 carrying folic acid chains (GNR-PEG-FA), and then loaded with camptothecin (CPT). The targeting ability mediated by folic acid of the GNR derivative was evaluated using cellular assays, and the cytotoxicity of GNR systems loaded with CPT was assessed by in vitro studies. They suggest that the functionalization of GNR derivatives with folic acid significantly affects their interaction with cells expressing different levels of folic acid receptors. The authors also explore the possibility to employ GNRs in photothermal therapy (PTT). GNR-PEG and GNR-PEG-FA display minor or no toxicity in standard cell cultures, but they show remarkable thermal response upon NIR irradiation, causing complete loss of cell viability within a few hours of treatment. This work highlights the potential of GNRs as DDSs and emphasizes the importance of further research on their biocompatibility and as a platform for PTT