Nanoparticle Emulsions Enhance the Inhibition of NLRP3

Antibacterial delivery emulsions are potential materials for treating bacterial infections. Few studies have focused on the role and mechanism of emulsions in inflammation relief. Therefore, based on our previous analysis, in which the novel and natural Pickering emulsions stabilized by antimicrobial peptide nanoparticles were prepared, the regulation effect of emulsion on inflammasome was explored in silico, in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, the interactions between inflammasome components and parasin I or Pickering emulsion were predicted by molecular docking. Then, the inflammasome stimulation by different doses of the emulsion was tested in RAW 264.7 and THP-1 cells. Finally, in Kunming mice with peritonitis, NLRP3 and IL-1β expression in the peritoneum were evaluated. The results showed that the Pickering emulsion could combine with ALK, casp-1, NEK7, or NLRP3 to affect the assembly of the NLRP3 and further relieve inflammation. LPNE showed a dose–dependent inhibition effect on the release of IL-1β and casp-1. With the concentration of parasin I increased from 1.5 mg/mL to 3 mg/mL, the LDH activity decreased in the chitosan peptide-embedded nanoparticles emulsion (CPENE) and lipid/peptide nanoparticles emulsion (LPNE) groups. However, from 1.5 to 6 mg/mL, LPNE had a dose–dependent effect on the release of casp-1. The CPENE and parasin I-conjugated chitosan nanoparticles emulsion (PCNE) may decrease the release of potassium and chloride ions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the LPNE may inhibit the activation of the inflammasome by decreasing LDH activity, potassium and chloride ions through binding with compositions of NLRP3

Study of the Interference Rejection Based on ATF in DSSS

A novel, adaptive time-frequency interference rejection for suppressing the interference in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum communication systems is studied in this paper. For a time-localized interference, excision is performed in the time domain. When a frequency domain excision is decided, an adaptive sub-band transform is employed. The most proper sub-spectral split is defined according to the spectrum of the received signal. This joint treatment of time and frequency domains overcomes the performance limitations of the fixed transform-based excision algorithms. The paper presents the performance evaluation of the rejection technique via the analytical and computer simulation tools. It is found that the analytical performance tools match up with the computer simulation results. It is also shown that the proposed adaptive time-frequency interference rejection consistently outperforms the existing interference excision techniques in the literature

Study of the Interference Rejection Based on ATF in DSSS

A novel, adaptive time-frequency interference rejection for suppressing the interference in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum communication systems is studied in this paper. For a time-localized interference, excision is performed in the time domain. When a frequency domain excision is decided, an adaptive sub-band transform is employed. The most proper sub-spectral split is defined according to the spectrum of the received signal. This joint treatment of time and frequency domains overcomes the performance limitations of the fixed transform-based excision algorithms. The paper presents the performance evaluation of the rejection technique via the analytical and computer simulation tools. It is found that the analytical performance tools match up with the computer simulation results. It is also shown that the proposed adaptive time-frequency interference rejection consistently outperforms the existing interference excision techniques in the literature

Study of the Interference Rejection Based on ATF in DSSS

A novel, adaptive time-frequency interference rejection for suppressing the interference in Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum communication systems is studied in this paper. For a time-localized interference, excision is performed in the time domain. When a frequency domain excision is decided, an adaptive sub-band transform is employed. The most proper sub-spectral split is defined according to the spectrum of the received signal. This joint treatment of time and frequency domains overcomes the performance limitations of the fixed transform-based excision algorithms. The paper presents the performance evaluation of the rejection technique via the analytical and computer simulation tools. It is found that the analytical performance tools match up with the computer simulation results. It is also shown that the proposed adaptive time-frequency interference rejection consistently outperforms the existing interference excision techniques in the literature

Viscoelastic and Functional Properties of Cod-Bone Gelatin in the Presence of Xylitol and Stevioside

The physical, rheological, structural and functional properties of cod bone gelatin (CBG) with various concentrations (0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 15%) of low-calorie sweeteners [xylitol (X) and stevioside (S)] to form gels were investigated. The gel strength of CBGX increased with increased xylitol due presumably to hydrogen bonds between xylitol and gelatin, but with CBGS the highest gel strength occurred when S concentration was 4%. Viscosity of CBGS samples were higher than CBGX due to S's high molecular mass. The viscoelasticity (G′ and G′′), foaming capacity and fat binding capacity of CBGX were higher while foam stability was lower. The emulsion activity and emulsion stability of CBGX were a little lower than CBGS at the same concentration. The structure of X is linear making it easier to form a dense three-dimensional network structure, while the complex cyclic structure of S had more difficulty forming a network structure with cod bone gelatin. Therefore, X may be a better choice for sweetening gelatin gels

Ultrastructure characteristics and quality changes of low-moisture Chilgoza pine nut (Pinus gerardiana) during the near-freezing-temperature storage

The effects of thermal treatment on the ultrastructure and quality of Chilgoza pine nuts stored at near-freezing temperature were investigated. The moisture content of pine nuts was adjusted to 13.3%, compared to the initial 17.3% moisture content. Thermal treatment improved the storage stability. The hydrolysis of lipids was delayed in low-moisture pine nuts, resulting in a significant inhibition of free fatty acid accumulation in pine nuts. Low-moisture pine nuts also showed lower peroxide and thiobarbituric acid (TBA)​ values compared with the control. Ultrastructure characterization revealed that thermal treatment maintained the cell integrity, deferred the degradation of the plasmalemma and protected the internal lipid droplet. Thermal treatment better retained the antioxidant components, including total phenolics and vitamin E, and reduced the activities of lipase and lipoxygenase in pine nuts. These results indicated that thermal treatment could retard the senescence and deterioration of quality in pine nuts stored at a near-freezing temperature.Se investigaron los efectos del tratamiento térmico en la ultrastructura y la calidad del piñón de pino Chilgoza almacenado a una temperatura cercana a congelación. El contenido de humedad de los piñones de este pino fue de 13,3%, en comparación con el contenido de humedad inicial de 17,3%. El tratamiento térmico mejoró la estabilidad de almacenamiento. La hidrólisis de los lípidos se retardó en los piñones de pino de baja humedad, resultando en una inhibición significativa de la acumulación de ácidos grasos libres en los piñones. Los piñones de pino de baja humedad también mostraron unos índices bajos de peróxido y TBA en comparación con la muestra control. La caracterización de la ultrastructura reveló que el tratamiento térmico mantuvo la integridad de las células, atrasó la degradación de la plasmalema y protegió la gota lipídica interna. El tratamiento térmico retuvo de forma más favorable los componentes antioxidantes, como el total fenólico y la vitamina E, además redujo la actividad de la lipasa y la lipoxigenasa en los piñones. Estos resultados indicaron que el tratamiento térmico podría retardar la senescencia y la deterioración de la calidad de los piñones almacenados a una temperatura cercana a la congelación