Potential repellency of cedarwood oil from a novel extraction method to stored product insects

Producers lose 10-30% of crops during storage, processing, and marketing after harvest each year to stored product insects (1,2). Globally, there has been a rise in insecticide resistance to phosphine, the most common fumigant for these pests (3). As a result, producers need to diversify post-harvest IPM methods to preserve existing tools. One alternative strategy is push-pull, whereby a repellent is used to “push” an insect away from the commodity of interest, while also simultaneously “pulling” the insects to an alternate location away from the commodity using an attractant (4)(Fig. 1). This system notably requires a long-distance repellent. One potential repellent includes cedarwood oil, which has shown repellency to termites and ants (5,6). A novel extraction process for this compound has been developed, which leaves many of its main constituents intact (7). However, to date, this compound has never been assessed for repellency to post-harvest insects

Taking stock to move forward: Where the field of developmental psychopathology might be heading

In this paper, dedicated to Dante Cicchetti's contributions and enduring influence, we explore the prospective directions of developmental psychopathology. Our focus centers on key domains where Cicchetti’s significant achievements have continually shaped our evolving thinking about psychological development. These domains include (a) the concepts of equifinality and multifinality, along with the challenges in predicting developmental trajectories, (b) the imperative to integrate wider sociocultural viewpoints into developmental psychopathology frameworks, (c) the interplay of genetic and environmental influences in developmental courses, (d) the significance of mental state language, and (e) the progress, or its absence, in the development of prevention and intervention tactics for children, adolescents, and their caregivers. While many of our forecasts regarding the future of developmental psychopathology may not materialize, we maintain optimistic that the essential ideas presented will influence the research agenda in this field and contribute to its growth over the next fifty years

Therapist and treatment credibility in treatment outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clients’ perceptions in individual and face-to-face psychotherapies

Objective: No systematic review was identified investigating the influence of perceived therapist credibility on treatment outcomes. Extant treatment credibility reviews have focused on early perceptions without considering influence of various therapy phases. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived treatment and therapist credibility and treatment outcomes, while considering the timing of the credibility assessment as a potential moderator.// Method: Articles published in English peer-reviewed journals containing at least one quantitative measure of credibility and treatment outcome regarding face-to-face therapist-delivered interventions were eligible. PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Embase online databases were last searched on April 5th, 2023, and the Effective Public Health Practice Project tool was used to assess the study quality. Correlations between treatment credibility and outcomes, and therapist credibility were calculated separately.// Results: Analysis of 27 studies revealed a positive association between perceived treatment credibility and treatment outcome (r = 0.15,95%CI = 0.09,0.21,p < 0.001,n = 2061). Nine studies showed a strong association between perceived therapist credibility and outcome (r = 0.35,95%CI = 0.18,0.51;p < .001,n = 1161). No significant moderator found in both meta-analyses.// Conclusion: Findings suggest that clients’ perceptions of higher credibility – whether concerning the treatment or the therapist – are associated with better therapeutic outcomes. Constraints in inclusion criteria and the small sample size in eligible studies were notable limitations

Mapping the journey from epistemic mistrust in depressed adolescents receiving psychotherapy

Although the theory of epistemic trust has started informing research in clinical populations and in psychotherapy, no study has yet explored the phenomenon of epistemic trust and mistrust in depressed adolescents receiving psychotherapy. The present study aims to address this gap by creating a typology of depressed adolescents’ experiences regarding their different journeys through the course of psychotherapy in relation to issues of epistemic trust and mistrust over a 2-year period. This study is based on a post-hoc analysis of interview data collected for a broader purpose. A total of 45 semi-structured interviews at 3 time points were conducted with 15 adolescents (80% female; M age = 15.28, SD = 1.79) who entered treatment with indications of epistemic mistrust or hypervigilance. These interviews were qualitatively analysed using Ideal Type Analysis. Three distinct journeys of adolescents’ experiences were identified. Some experienced a shift from epistemic mistrust to epistemic trust which seemed to be associated with the experience of therapy; other adolescents also showed a shift but did not consider it as an outcome of therapy; and finally, some adolescents reported continued mistrust over the 2-year period. An interpersonal component within or beyond therapy may be the key to breaking the vicious cycle of epistemic mistrust and generating epistemic trust; but not all depressed adolescents in therapy achieve this. Particular attention should be drawn to depressed adolescents who have difficulty making use of therapy and/or their broader social environment. Psychological interventions may need to openly address their issues of mistrust in early sessions as epistemic mistrust or hypervigilance may hinder paths to learning both within and beyond therapy. Treatments that intervene at the level of the wider social system are encouraged

Cohesin cleavage by separase is enhanced by a substrate motif distinct from the cleavage site.

Chromosome segregation begins when the cysteine protease, separase, cleaves the Scc1 subunit of cohesin at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition. Separase is inhibited prior to metaphase by the tightly bound securin protein, which contains a pseudosubstrate motif that blocks the separase active site. To investigate separase substrate specificity and regulation, here we develop a system for producing recombinant, securin-free human separase. Using this enzyme, we identify an LPE motif on the Scc1 substrate that is distinct from the cleavage site and is required for rapid and specific substrate cleavage. Securin also contains a conserved LPE motif, and we provide evidence that this sequence blocks separase engagement of the Scc1 LPE motif. Our results suggest that rapid cohesin cleavage by separase requires a substrate docking interaction outside the active site. This interaction is blocked by securin, providing a second mechanism by which securin inhibits cohesin cleavage

The home lives of wild birds

The Home Lives of Wild Birds are original poems by Chloe Anne Campbell, in completion of a Masters of Fine Arts thesis. They examine the body, both living and dead, as well as its absence. Section One is a triptych of three burial scenes. Section Two is a long poem narrating the death of the speaker's brother using physicist Hugh Everett's Many Worlds Theory. Section Three follows the speaker's family after the death of her brother. Section Four narrates the arc of an ultimately failed romantic relationship. Section Five is focused on the speaker's self-reflection in adulthood

Borders and Catastrophe: lessons from COVID-19 for the European Green Deal

This article considers how the European Union and Member States’ responses to the COVID-19 crisis in the first half of 2020 could inform climate action in Europe, and particularly the resumption of actions on the EGD. It first outlines the EU’s public health and economic responses to COVID-19 and Europe’s role in the global response to the pandemic. We find that, based on the challenges and successes of all these responses, a strong argument can be made for ‘more Europe’ – greater integration, and stronger EU-level institutions – to lead and govern the COVID-19 response. This has direct lessons for the governance and scope of future climate action

Telehealth-supervised exercise in systemic lupus erythematosus : A pilot study

Objectives: To explore the feasibility and effectiveness of telehealth-supervised exercise for adults with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: This was a non-randomised controlled pilot trial comparing telehealth-supervised exercise (8 weeks, 2 days/week, 45 min, moderate intensity) plus usual care with usual care alone. Mixed methods were used to assess change in fatigue (FACIT-fatigue), quality of life (SF36), resting fatigue and pain (11-point scale), lower body strength (five-time sit-to-stand) and endurance (30 s sit-to-stand), upper body endurance (30 s arm curl), aerobic capacity (2 min step test), and experience (survey and interviews). Group comparison was performed statistically using a two-sample T-test or Mann–Whitney U-test. Where known, we used MCID or MCII, or assumed a change of 10%, to determine clinically meaningful change within groups over time. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Fifteen female adults with SLE were included (control group n = 7, exercise group n = 8). Statistically significant differences between groups, in favour of the exercise intervention, were noted for SF36 domain emotional well-being (p = 0.048) and resting fatigue (p = 0.012). There were clinically meaningful improvements over time for FACIT-fatigue (+6.3 ± 8.3, MCID >5.9), SF36 domains physical role functioning (+30%), emotional role functioning (+55%), energy/fatigue (+26%), emotional well-being (+19%), social functioning (+30%), resting pain (−32%), and upper body endurance (+23%) within the exercise group. Exercise attendance was high (98%, 110/112 sessions); participants strongly agreed (n = 5/7, 71%) or agreed (n = 2/7, 29%) they would do telehealth-supervised exercise again and were satisfied with the experience. Four themes emerged: (1) ease and efficiency of exercising from home, (2) value of live exercise instruction, (3) challenges of exercising at home, and (4) continuation of telehealth-supervised exercise sessions. Conclusion: Key findings from this mixed-method investigation suggest that telehealth-supervised exercise was feasible for, and well-accepted by, adults with SLE and resulted in some modest health improvements. We recommend a follow-up RCT with more SLE participants

How Can I Trust You? The Role of Facial Trustworthiness in the Development of Epistemic and Interpersonal Trust

Recently, researchers from developmental and clinical psychology highlighted epistemic trust (ET) as a key factor for personality disorders. ET is intended as the mental openness to information coming from others during social exchanges. ET develops from signals called ostensive cues, delivered through facial expressions during interactions in a secure attachment context. Similarly, interpersonal trust (IT) refers to the perception of others as not harmful, which is also developed through secure attachment relationships. Our purpose was to suggest a conceptualization of ET as a specific facet of IT. We hypothesize that positive experiences of caregiving promote IT development that includes a specific sense of trust toward others’ knowledge. Moreover, we suggest that the early ability to infer a judgment of trustworthiness from facial cues is the starting point for developing both IT and ET. This conceptualization supports the role of considering both IT and ET in the development of borderline pathology. Our purpose is to suggest a conceptualization of ET as a specific facet of IT. We hypothesize that positive experiences of caregiving promote IT development that includes a specific sense of trust toward others’ knowledge. Moreover, we suggest that the early ability to infer a judgment of trustworthiness from facial cues is the starting point for developing both IT and ET. This conceptualization supports the role of considering both IT and ET in the development of borderline pathology

Research priorities about stoma‐related quality of life from the perspective of people with a stoma: A pilot survey

BackgroundThere is a recognized need to include patients in setting research priorities. Research priorities identified by people with a stoma are rarely elicited.ObjectivesTo improve the quality of life of people with a stoma through use of evidence-based practice based on research priorities set by patients.Design and MethodsOnline pilot survey publicized in 2016 via United Kingdom stoma charities. People ranked nine stoma-related quality of life topics in order of research priority.ParticipantsPeople 16 years of age and over who currently have or have had a stoma for treatment for any medical condition.AnalysisDistributions of the priority scores for each of the nine research topics were examined. Group differences were explored using either the Mann–Whitney U-test or the Kruskal–Wallis test depending on the number of groups.ResultsIn total, 225 people completed the survey. The most important research priority was pouch leak problems and stoma bag/appliance problems followed by hernia risk. There were statistically significant differences in ranking research priorities between males and females, age, underlying disease that led to a stoma, stoma type and length of time with a stoma.ConclusionPeople with a stoma are willing to engage in and set research priorities. The results should contribute towards future research about setting the research agenda for the study of stoma-related concerns that impact quality of life