Jasmonic acid induces changes in growth and polypeptide composition of fern gametophytes

We studied morphology of gametophytes of the fern Platycerium bifurcation 20 to 45 days after spore sowing. In addition, we examined the effects of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM jasmonic acid (JA) on their growth and polypeptide composition. Gametophytes cultured for 20 days on modified Knop’s medium were oblong to round in outline. 3-5 rhizoids appeared mainly on the basal cell and 2-3 unicellular hairs formed on the margins. After 30 days in culture, slightly heart-shaped gametophytes produced numerous rhizoids and hairs. Gametophytes cultured for 45 days were cordate and the first antheridia were observed on the ventral side. Hairs, frequently branched, appeared on gametophyte surface. The effect of JA on the growth of gametophytes was age-dependent. After 20 and 30 days in culture, JA had no pronounced effect in comparison to the control (medium without JA), while after 40 days at concentrations exceeding 0.1 μM JA growth of gametophytes was inhibited. Analysis of soluble proteins from 2 month old JA-treated gametophytes revealed some alterations in polypeptide patterns when compared to the control. The most marked was an increase in a 92-93 kDa polypeptide band at 10 and 100 μM JA in the medium

Spore Age and Sterilization Affects Germination and Early Gametophyte Development of Platycerium bifurcatum

Volume: 89Start Page: 124End Page: 13

Spore Germination and Early Gametophyte Development of Platycerium bifurcatum

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Jasmonic acid induces changes in growth and polypeptide composition of fern gametophytes

We studied morphology of gametophytes of the fern Platycerium bifurcation 20 to 45 days after spore sowing. In addition, we examined the effects of 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10 or 100 μM jasmonic acid (JA) on their growth and polypeptide composition. Gametophytes cultured for 20 days on modified Knop’s medium were oblong to round in outline. 3-5 rhizoids appeared mainly on the basal cell and 2-3 unicellular hairs formed on the margins. After 30 days in culture, slightly heart-shaped gametophytes produced numerous rhizoids and hairs. Gametophytes cultured for 45 days were cordate and the first antheridia were observed on the ventral side. Hairs, frequently branched, appeared on gametophyte surface. The effect of JA on the growth of gametophytes was age-dependent. After 20 and 30 days in culture, JA had no pronounced effect in comparison to the control (medium without JA), while after 40 days at concentrations exceeding 0.1 μM JA growth of gametophytes was inhibited. Analysis of soluble proteins from 2 month old JA-treated gametophytes revealed some alterations in polypeptide patterns when compared to the control. The most marked was an increase in a 92-93 kDa polypeptide band at 10 and 100 μM JA in the medium

Piretro (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) del Nord Adriatico come fonte potenziale di insetticidi naturali

Pyrethrum Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Schulty-Bip., a species native to the Eastern Adriatic coastal mountains and islands, is a plant widely used in the production of natural insecticides, pyrethrins. The biosynthetic potential of Pyrethrum from two different locations in the Northern Adriatic for pyrethrin production was determined. In all the samples obtained, all 6 pyrethrins were detected, as measured by HPLC. The highest pyrethrin content was detected in the flower heads, which contained, on average, 1.2 % pyrethrins of dry weight. The pyrethrin content of flower heads from the Northern Adriatic populations is comparable with the content levels in conventional production of Pyrethrum, but not as high as the content levels for highly productive Pyrethrum clones from countries currently producing pyrethrins

Tissue culture of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Schultz Bip.)

Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium), is plant species with the highest amount of natural insecticides - pyrethrins. An in-house information sys­ tem for the development of different plant tissue cultures and marketing of their products was designed. The application of the relational information system in set­ ting up a research hypothesis of high probability is discussed. By processing the information system, plant tissue cultures' parameters were identified, selected and modified. They were tested on the plant tissue culture of Tanacetum cinerariifoli­ um. The influence of jasmonic acid on axillary shoot differentiation was studied. An inhibitory effect of jasmonic acid on shoot tissue culture differentiation was proven (100 µM, 10 µM), and a prediction method for determination of the variable optimal concentration interval was presented (between 0,5 and 4,5 µM). In addition a HPLC method was introduced for pyrethrins determination

Tissue culture of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) and associated microbial contamination

Microbial contamination was observed on several subcultures of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) (Trevir.) Schultz-bip. callus lines. The presence of microorganisms- sms was detected by isolation of contaminants in pure culture from 7 out of 34 callus lines and direct ampliication of eubacterial 16S rDNA in the pyrethrum callus and plants and isolated bacteria. Altogether 16 contaminants were further analyzed, observing their morphology on several media and restriction of ampliied 16S rDNA. Analysis revealed presence and persistence of morphologically and genetically diverse bacteria in pyrethrum tissue culture. Due to cross-reactivity of 16S rDNA primers with DNA of plant origin, no conclusions could be drawn on the origin of contaminants

Phytoplasma infection may affect morphology, regeneration and pyrethrin content in pyrethrum shoot culture

The aim of the work was to infect pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Schulty-Bip.), an important secondary metabolite pyrethrin producing plant, with MA phytoplasma (16S rRNA group III, subgroup B) to initiate tissue culture of phytoplasma-infected plants, and to examine possible effects of infection on pyrethrin content, morphology, and regenerative capacity in shoot culture. Phytoplasma transmission was achieved bz using an insect vector (Euscelidius variegatus) making pyrethrum as a new host for phytoplasma. The infection significantly changed the morphology and regenerative capacity of shoots and roots. The infected shoots and roots were shorter and thinner and an increase in proliferation of both was observed. Phytoplasma infection significantly decreased pyrethrin content in shoots, as measured by HPLC. The possibility of long-term maintenance of phytoplasma was also studied. The presence of phytoplasma in shoots was confirmed periodically over 4 years by PCR assay. Possible physiological reasons for a balanced phytoplasma-host system are discussed

Tkivna kultura bolhača (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) in z njo povezana okužba z mikroorganizmi

Microbial contamination was observed on several subcultures of Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) (Trevir.) Schultz-bip. callus lines. The presence of microorganisms was detected by isolation of contaminants in pure culture from 7 out of 34 callus lines and direct amplification of eubacterial 16S rDNA in the pyrethrum callus and plants and isolated bacteria. Altogether 16 contaminants were further analyzed, observing their morphology on several media and restriction of amplified 16S rDNA. Analysis revealed presence and persistence of morphologically and genetically diverse bacteria in pyrethrum tissue culture. Due to cross reactivity of 16S rDNA primers with DNA of plant origin, no conclusions could be drawn on the origin of contaminants.Po vzpostavitvi kalusnih linij bolhača (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) (Trevir.) Schultz-bip. smo v kulturah opazili okužbo z mikroorganizmi. Z različnimi izolacijskimi postopki in gojitvenimi metodami smo iz 7 od 34 kalusnih linij izolirali posamezne seve mikroorganizmov. Nobeden od izolatov ni bil izoliran iz več kot dveh kalusnih linij. S pomnoževanjem eubakterijske 16S rDNA in nadaljnjo restrikcijsko analizo z encimom Mn/I smo analizirali kalusno tkivo, rastline bolhača in izolirane bakterije. Analiza je pokazala morfološko in genetsko raznolikost bakterij prisotnih v tkivni kulturi bolhača. Zaradi navzkrižne reaktivnosti uporabljenih 16S rDNA oligonukleotidnih začetnikov, na prisotnost podobnih bakterijskih sevov v kalusnem tkivu in steblih bolhača, ni bilo mogoče sklepati na izvor okužb

Phytoplasma infection may affect morphology, regeneration and pyrethrin content in pyrethrum shoot culture

The aim of the work was to infect pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Schulty-Bip.), an important secondary metabolite pyrethrin producing plant, with MA phytoplasma (16S rRNA group III, subgroup B) to initiate tissue culture of phytoplasma-infected plants, and to examine possible effects of infection on pyrethrin content, morphology, and regenerative capacity in shoot culture. Phytoplasma transmission was achieved bz using an insect vector (Euscelidius variegatus) making pyrethrum as a new host for phytoplasma. The infection significantly changed the morphology and regenerative capacity of shoots and roots. The infected shoots and roots were shorter and thinner and an increase in proliferation of both was observed. Phytoplasma infection significantly decreased pyrethrin content in shoots, as measured by HPLC. The possibility of long-term maintenance of phytoplasma was also studied. The presence of phytoplasma in shoots was confirmed periodically over 4 years by PCR assay. Possible physiological reasons for a balanced phytoplasma-host system are discussed