Analysis of organic matter in sediments and meteorites and paleochemical studies of extinct and contemporary life forms

The insoluble organic materials present in the algal mats at Laguna Mormona, Baja California were studied. A series of six identical sediments collected from Mono lake which were stored under different conditions was investigated to see if any changes are observed in the lipid distribution patterns as a result of differences in sample storage conditions. Bacteria strains from Mono Lake sediments were cultured in bulk quantities and the sterol fractions from them were isolated and analyzed. Results add further support to the utility of the sterols as a chemotaxonomical tool in distinguishing and classifying these bacteria

Martian surface weathering studies

The nature of the Martian surface was characterized by means of its reflectance properties. The Mariner 9 photography was used to establish terrain units which were crossed by the Mariner 6 and 7 paths. The IR reflectance measured by the IR spectrometers on these spacecraft was to be used to indicate the nature of the surface within these units. There is an indication of physical size and/or compositional variation between units but too many natural parameters can vary (size, shape, composition, adsorbed phases, reradiation, atmospheric absorbtion, temperature gradients, etc.) to be certain what effect is causing those variations observed. It is suggested that the characterization could be fruitfully pursued by a group which was dedicated to peeling back the layers of minutia affecting IR reflectance

Nonmetro Recreation Counties: Their Identification and Rapid Growth

More than 80 percent of the Nation’s 285 million people now reside in metropolitan areas. Many in this vast city and suburban population are attracted to the recreational opportunities and attractions of rural areas, such as beautiful scenery, lakes, mountains, forests, and resorts. For rural communities struggling to offset job losses from farming, mining, and manufacturing, capitalizing on the recreational appeal of an area fosters economic development, attracts new residents, and retains existing population. This article outlines a method to identify nonmetro counties with high recreation development. It then examines the linkage between such development and population change, and considers its implications for the future of rural and small-town America

Reflection Spectra as a Basis for Studying Extraterrestrial Life Semiannual Report, May 1 - Oct. 31, 1966

Planetary reflection spectroscopy for studying extraterrestrial lif

Unstable Slope Management Program

INE/AUTC 11.1

Trophoblast lineage-specific differentiation and associated alterations in preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction.

The human placenta is a poorly-understood organ, but one that is critical for proper development and growth of the fetus in-utero. The epithelial cell type that contributes to primary placental functions is called "trophoblast," including two main subtypes, villous and extravillous trophoblast. Cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast comprise the villous compartment and contribute to gas and nutrient exchange, while extravillous trophoblast invade and remodel the uterine wall and vessels, in order to supply maternal blood to the growing fetus. Abnormal differentiation of trophoblast contributes to placental dysfunction and is associated with complications of pregnancy, including preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth restriction (FGR). This review describes what is known about the cellular organization of the placenta during both normal development and in the setting of PE/FGR. It also explains known trophoblast lineage-specific markers and pathways regulating their differentiation, and how these are altered in the setting of PE/FGR, focusing on studies which have used human placental tissues. Finally, it also highlights remaining questions and needed resources to advance this field

Spectral evidence for carbonates on Mars: Hydrous carbonates

Although many of the spectral features of the Martian samples studied are not unique mineralogical indicators, much of the current spectral data is consistent with (possibly abundant) hydrous carbonates on the surface of Mars. The absorption features in the measured samples were quite weak compared with those of anhydrous carbonates. The weak features imply that significantly more hydrous carbonates can be incorporated onto the surface before becoming spectrally evident; however, exact limits have yet to be determined. The stability of these materials in the Martian environment is not known, but their formation and occurrence in low temperature terrestrial environments makes them appealing candidates for weathering products on Mars

A diffuse radar scattering model from Martian surface rocks

Remote sensing of Mars has been done with a variety of instrumentation at various wavelengths. Many of these data sets can be reconciled with a surface model of bonded fines (or duricrust) which varies widely across the surface and a surface rock distribution which varies less so. A surface rock distribution map from -60 to +60 deg latitude has been generated by Christensen. Our objective is to model the diffuse component of radar reflection based on this surface distribution of rocks. The diffuse, rather than specular, scattering is modeled because the diffuse component arises due to scattering from rocks with sizes on the order of the wavelength of the radar beam. Scattering for radio waves of 12.5 cm is then indicative of the meter scale and smaller structure of the surface. The specular term is indicative of large scale surface undulations and should not be causally related to other surface physical properties. A simplified model of diffuse scattering is described along with two rock distribution models. The results of applying the models to a planet of uniform fractional rock coverage with values ranging from 5 to 20% are discussed

STUDENT’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS DICTIONARY AND ITS USAGE : A Case of Study for English Department Students Diponegoro University

In learning a foreign language, dictionary is one of learning aids to assist students in making decision about making sense of words in usage –in the target language. This research is conducted to discover how English Department students in Universitas Diponegoro perceive dictionary and use it to assist meaning discovery. The data in this paper is obtained from returned questionnaires previously distributed across four academic years in. The results show that dictionary is not the primary source of English vocabulary intake. Most dictionaries are bilingual (English-Indonesian or Indonesian-English), and may take the form of printed or electronic dictionary. We also discovered that the respondents tend to choose a dictionary based on the number of words listed. Further clarifications of the respondents’ answers indicate the preference of vocabulary intake, where dictionary is not a priority. Bilingual dictionaries are preferred as compared to monolingual ones with the assumption that they are easier to understand. Although the definition of word is still very loose, students seem to be more attracted to dictionaries, which claim to have vast number of entries. For practical purposes, portable dictionary or application dictionary is more preferred as they support mobility. From the results, we may conclude that dictionaries are used by the respondents with restriction in meaning discovery. We suggest that they take it to the next level, where existing linguistic features from dictionaries might also be used to assist writing