A method of isolating organic compounds present in water

Water sample is passed through a column containing macroreticular resin, which absorbs only nonionic organic compounds. These compounds are selectively separated using aqueous eluents of varying pH, or completely exuded with small amount of an organic eluent

BigraphER: rewriting and analysis engine for bigraphs

BigraphER is a suite of open-source tools providing an effi- cient implementation of rewriting, simulation, and visualisation for bigraphs, a universal formalism for modelling interacting systems that evolve in time and space and first introduced by Milner. BigraphER consists of an OCaml library that provides programming interfaces for the manipulation of bigraphs, their constituents and reaction rules, and a command-line tool capable of simulating Bigraphical Reactive Systems (BRSs) and computing their transition systems. Other features are native support for both bigraphs and bigraphs with sharing, stochastic reaction rules, rule priorities, instantiation maps, parameterised controls, predicate checking, graphical output and integration with the probabilistic model checker PRISM

On the Use of Historical Bathymetric Data to Determine Changes in Bathymetry: An Analysis of Errors and Application to Great Bay Estuary, NH

The depth measurements that are incorporated into bathymetric charts have associated errors with magnitudes depending on the survey circumstances and applied techniques. For this reason, combining and comparing depth measurements collected over many years with different techniques and standards is a difficult task which must be done with great caution. In this study we have developed an approach for comparing historical bathymetric surveys. Our methodology uses Monte Carlo modelling to account for the random error components inherited in the data due to positioning and depth measurement uncertainties

Winter Conditions Influence Biological Responses of Migrating Hummingbirds

Conserving biological diversity given ongoing environmental changes requires the knowledge of how organisms respond biologically to these changes; however, we rarely have this information. This data deficiency can be addressed with coordinated monitoring programs that provide field data across temporal and spatial scales and with process-based models, which provide a method for predicting how species, in particular migrating species that face different conditions across their range, will respond to climate change. We evaluate whether environmental conditions in the wintering grounds of broad-tailed hummingbirds influence physiological and behavioral attributes of their migration. To quantify winter ground conditions, we used operative temperature as a proxy for physiological constraint, and precipitation and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as surrogates of resource availability. We measured four biological response variables: molt stage, timing of arrival at stopover sites, body mass, and fat. Consistent with our predictions, we found that birds migrating north were in earlier stages of molt and arrived at stopover sites later when NDVI was low. These results indicate that wintering conditions impact the timing and condition of birds as they migrate north. In addition, our results suggest that biologically informed environmental surrogates provide a valuable tool for predicting how climate variability across years influences the animal populations

Estimation of Sounding Uncertainty from Measurements of Water Mass Variability

Analysis techniques are introduced that allow for estimation of potential sounding uncertainty due to water mass variability from reconnaissance campaigns in which oceanographic parameters are measured at a high temporal and spatial resolution. The analysis techniques do not require sounding data, thus analyses can be tailored to match any survey system; this allows for pre-analysis campaigns to optimize survey instrumentation and sound speed profiling rates such that a desired survey specification can be maintained. Additionally, the output of the analysis methods can potentially provide a higher fidelity estimation of sounding uncertainty due to water mass variability than uncertainty models in common use.Se presentan análisis técnicos que permiten una estimación de posibles incertidumbres en los sondeos, debidas a la variabilidad de la masa de agua, procedentes de campañas de reconocimiento en las que los parámetros oceanográficos son medidos con una resolución temporal y espacial elevada. Los análisis técnicos no requieren los datos de sondeos, así pues dichos análisis pueden adaptarse a cualquier sistema hidrográfico. Esto permite campañas de análisis previos para optimizar la instrumentación hidrográfica y los niveles de descripción de la velocidad del sonido, para que pueda mantenerse una especificación hidrográfica deseada. Además, el resultado de los métodos analíticos puede proporcionar potencialmente una estimación de la fidelidad de las incertidumbres en los sondeos, debidas a una variabilidad de la masa de agua mayor que la de los modelos de incertidumbres que se utilizan corrientemente.Des techniques d’analyse sont introduites afin de permettre l’estimation de l’incertitude potentielle des sondes due à la variabilité de la masse d’eau à partir de campagnes de reconnaissance dans lesquelles les paramètres océanographiques sont mesurés avec une haute résolution temporelle et spatiale. Les techniques d’analyse ne nécessitant pas de données de sondes, les analyses peuvent donc être ajustées pour s’adapter à tout système de levés ; ceci permet aux campagnes de pré-analyse d’optimiser l’instrumentation hydrographique ainsi que les niveaux de profilage de la vitesse du son de manière à conserver une spécification de levé souhaitée. En outre, le résultat des méthodes d’analyse peut potentiellement fournir une estimation à plus haute fidélité, en ce qui concerne les incertitudes des sondes du fait de la variabilité de la masse d’eau, que les modèles d’incertitude en usage