103 research outputs found

    A phenomenological model for structural phase transitions in incommensurate alkane/urea inclusion compounds

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    n-Alkane/urea inclusion compounds are crystalline materials in which n-alkane ‘guest’ molecules are located within parallel one-dimensional ‘host’ tunnels formed by a helical hydrogen-bonded arrangement of urea molecules. The periodic repeat distance of the guest molecules along the host tunnels is incommensurate with the periodic repeat distance of the host substructure. The structural properties of the high-temperature phase of these materials (phase I), which exist at ambient temperature, are described by a (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace. Recent publications have suggested that, in the prototypical incommensurate composite systems, n-nonadecane/urea and n-hexadecane/urea, two low-temperature phases II and ‘III’ exist and that one or both of these phases are described by a (3 + 2)-dimensional superspace. We present a phenomenological model based on symmetry considerations and developed in the frame of a pseudo-spin–phonon coupling mechanism, which accounts for the mechanisms responsible for the I ↔ II ↔ ‘III’ phase sequence. With reference to published experimental data, we demonstrate that, in all phases of these incommensurate materials, the structural properties are described by (3 + 1)-dimensional superspace groups. Around the temperature of the II ↔ ‘III’ transition, the macroscopic properties of the material are not actually associated with a phase transition, but instead represent a ‘crossover’ between two regimes involving different couplings between relevant order parameters

    Dipole-active optical phonons in YTiO_3: ellipsometry study and lattice-dynamics calculations

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    The anisotropic complex dielectric response was accurately extracted from spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements at phonon frequencies for the three principal crystallographic directions of an orthorhombic (Pbnm) YTiO_3 single crystal. We identify all twenty five infrared-active phonon modes allowed by symmetry, 7B_1u, 9B_2u, and 9B_3u, polarized along the c-, b-, and a-axis, respectively. From a classical dispersion analysis of the complex dielectric functions \tilde\epsilon(\omega) and their inverses -1/\tilde\epsilon(\omega) we define the resonant frequencies, widths, and oscillator strengths of the transverse (TO) and longitudinal (LO) phonon modes. We calculate eigenfrequencies and eigenvectors of B_1u, B_2u, and B_3u normal modes and suggest assignments of the TO phonon modes observed in our ellipsometry spectra by comparing their frequencies and oscillator strengths with those resulting from the present lattice-dynamics study. Based on these assignments, we estimate dynamical effective charges of the atoms in the YTiO_3 lattice. We find that, in general, the dynamical effective charges in YTiO_3 lattice are typical for a family of perovskite oxides. By contrast to a ferroelectric BaTiO_3, the dynamical effective charge of oxygen related to a displacement along the c-axis does not show the anomalously large value. At the same time, the dynamical effective charges of Y and ab-plane oxygen exhibit anisotropy, indicating strong hybridization along the a-axis.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

    On the Landau theory of structural phase transitions in layered perovskites (CH3\mathsf{_{3}}NH3\mathsf{_{3}})2\mathsf{_{2}}MCl4\mathsf{_{4}}(M = Mn, Cd, Fe) : comparison with experiments

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    The phase sequence I4/mmm ⇔\Leftrightarrow Abma ⇔\Leftrightarrow P42_{2}/ncm (THT ⇔\Leftrightarrow ORT ⇔\Leftrightarrow TLT), which is a common feature in (CH3_{3}NH3_{3})2_{2}MCl4_{4} compounds (M = Mn, Cd, Fe), is discussed on the basis of Landau theory, in comparison with available experimental results. Much attention is paid to the “anomalous” behaviour of the c66c_{66} elasitic constant. After the microscopic model of mean-field type, developed previously by Blinc, Zeks and Kind, and from classical group theoretical considerations, it turns out that a Landau free-energy expansion up to the eighth-order is necessary to obtain a coherent description of all experimental data.La sĂ©quence de transitions de phase I4/mmm ⇔\Leftrightarrow Abma ⇔\Leftrightarrow P42_{2}/ncm (THT ⇔\Leftrightarrow ORT ⇔\Leftrightarrow TLT), qui est une caractĂ©ristique commune des composĂ©s (CH3_{3}NH3_{3})2_{2}MCl4_{4}(M = Mn, Cd, Fe), est examinĂ©e sur la base de la theorie de Landau, en comparaison avec les rĂ©sultats expĂ©rimentaux disponibles. Une attention particuliĂšre est portĂ©e sur le comportement “anormal” de la constante Ă©lastique c66c_{66}. D'aprĂšs le modĂšle microscopique de type champ moyen, dĂ©veloppĂ© antĂ©rieurement par Blinc, Zeks et Kind, et Ă  aprtir de considĂ©rations classiques de thĂ©orie des groupes, il apparaĂźt que l'Ă©nergie libre de Landau doit ĂȘtre dĂ©veloppĂ©e Ă  l'ordre huit pour obtenir une description cohĂ©rente de l'ensemble des donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales

    Interactions du fluorure d’hydrogùne et des bases organiques en phase liquide

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    Les spectres infrarouges des solutions de fluorure d’hydrogĂšne et de fluorure de deutĂ©rium dans diverses bases organiques, Ă  l’exception des amines, ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©s. La fraction molaire de l’acide a Ă©tĂ© maintenue infĂ©rieure Ă  0,7.Aucune absorption n’est attribuable aux espĂšces ioniques pouvant provenir du transfert du proton de HF vers la base. On montre par contre qu'il se forme des complexes bimolĂ©culaires F — H... B et multimolĂ©culaires en chaĂźne ...F — H... F — H... B. Ces complexes font intervenir trois liaisons hydrogĂšne de force diffĂ©rente prĂ©sentant des caractĂ©ristiques spectrales distinctes.D’autre part, on a mis en Ă©vidence des dĂ©placements de charges dans ces liaisons hydrogĂšne

    Interactions du fluorure d’hydrogùne et des bases organiques en phase liquide

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    Les solutions diluĂ©es de diverses bases organiques dans le fluorure d’hydrogĂšne liquide, dans le fluorure de deutĂ©rium liquide et dans des mĂ©langes HF — BF3 ou HF — SbF5 ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es par spectroscopie infrarouge.L’analyse des spectres des solutions, en comparaison avec ceux de l’acide et de la base, a permis de mettre en Ă©vidence la protonation d’un grand nombre de bases organiques B, mĂȘme trĂšs faibles. On a pu dĂ©terminer certaines vibrations caractĂ©ristiques des espĂšces protonĂ©es BH+, en particulier les vibrations de valence v(SH) de (CH3)2SH+, v(OH) et v(CO) de (CH3)2COH+ et v(CH2) de l’ion benzĂ©nium, C6H7+. On a montrĂ© en outre que les ions F~ libĂ©rĂ©s dans ces rĂ©actions de protonation sont fortement solvatĂ©s sous forme (FH)nF- avec n > 2

    Étude par spectroscopie infrarouge de la structure des multimĂšres du fluorure d’hydrogĂšne Ă  l’état gazeux,

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    Les spectres infrarouge du fluorure d’hydrogĂšne, du fluorure de deutĂ©rium et de leurs mĂ©langes ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©s de 5 000 Ă  200 cm-1 Ă  diffĂ©rentes pressions et tempĂ©ratures. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus, ajoutĂ©s Ă  ceux dĂ©jĂ  acquis par Smith (J. chem. Phys., 1958, 28, 1040), permettent de discuter de la structure de divers multimĂšres existant. Nos donnĂ©es expĂ©rimentales sont en faveur de l’existence en proportion apprĂ©ciable d’hexamĂšres cycliques et de tĂ©tramĂšres en chaĂźnes zig-zag. Nous montrons en outre que, dans certaines conditions, on peut observer les dimĂšres pratiquement en l’absence de tout autre multimĂšre supĂ©rieur

    Spectres infrarouges des perovskites de terres rares LZO

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    Les spectres infrarouges de 800 à 40 cm-1 des perovskites aluminates LAlO3 avec L = La, Nd, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, orthochromites LCrO3 avec L = La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu et quelques autres dérivés similaires ont été interprétés en liaison avec la structure de ces composés, à la lumiÚre de l'analyse par la méthode du groupe facteur.Des corrélations ont été établies entre l'évolution spectrale et la déformation cristalline de ces composés ioniques

    Raman Spectra of Carbon-Based Materials (from Graphite to Carbon Black) and of Some Silicone Composites

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    Carbon-based nanomaterials have emerged as a subject of enormous scientific attention due to their outstanding mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. Incorporated in a polymeric matrix, they are expected to significantly improve physical properties of the host medium at extremely small filler content. In this work, we report a characterization of various carbonaceous materials by Raman spectroscopy that has become a key technique for the analysis of different types of sp2 nanostructures, including one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene and the effect of disorder in their structures. The dispersion behavior of the D and G’ Raman bands, that is, their shift to higher frequencies with increasing laser excitation energy, is used to assess the interfacial properties between the filler and the surrounding polymer in the composites
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