14,630 research outputs found
Efficiency of low versus high airline pressure in stunning cattle with a pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt gun
The efficiency of stunning cattle was assessed in 443 animals (304 pure Zebu and 139 crossbred cattle), being mainly mature bulls and cows. Cattle were stunned using a Jarvis pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt gun operating with low (160–175 psi, N = 82) and high (190 psi, N = 363) airline pressure, which was within the manufactures specifications. Signs of brain function and the position of the shots on the heads were recorded after stunning. Velocity of the captive bolt and its physical parameters were calculated. Cattle shot with low pressures showed more rhythmic respiration (27 vs. 8%, P < 0.001), less tongue protrusion (4 vs. 12%, P = 0.03) and less masseter relaxation (22 vs. 48%, P < 0.001). There was an increased frequency of shots in the ideal position when cattle were shot with the low compared to high airline pressures (15.3 vs. 3.1%). Bolt velocity and its physical parameters were significantly (P < 0.01) higher when using high pressure. Airline pressures below 190 psi are inappropriate when shooting adult Zebu beef cattle with pneumatically powered penetrating captive bolt guns
What are the Best Hierarchical Descriptors for Complex Networks?
This work reviews several hierarchical measurements of the topology of
complex networks and then applies feature selection concepts and methods in
order to quantify the relative importance of each measurement with respect to
the discrimination between four representative theoretical network models,
namely Erd\"{o}s-R\'enyi, Barab\'asi-Albert, Watts-Strogatz as well as a
geographical type of network. The obtained results confirmed that the four
models can be well-separated by using a combination of measurements. In
addition, the relative contribution of each considered feature for the overall
discrimination of the models was quantified in terms of the respective weights
in the canonical projection into two dimensions, with the traditional
clustering coefficient, hierarchical clustering coefficient and neighborhood
clustering coefficient resulting particularly effective. Interestingly, the
average shortest path length and hierarchical node degrees contributed little
for the separation of the four network models.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figure
Effectiveness of pneumatically powered penetrating and non-penetrating captive bolts in stunning cattle
This study assessed the effectiveness of penetrating (PCB; 190 psi; N = 363) and non-penetrating captive bolt guns (NPCB; 210–220 psi; N = 92) to stun a total of 455 cattle (Zebu and Zebu Cross). Physical bolt parameters (momentum, kinetic energy and energy density) were evaluated. Clinical indicators of brain function were recorded after stunning (GR), after being hoisted (HO) and at the bleeding rail (BL). Physical bolt parameters (bolt velocity, momentum, kinetic energy, energy density and sectional density) were significantly higher (P < 0.001) for PCB. The need for two or more shots was more frequent for NPCB (210–220 psi; 29% vs. 12%, P < 0.001). Cattle were more likely to collapse at first shot with PCB (190 psi; 99%) compared to NPCB (91%; P < 0.002) which can be attributed to the higher values of bolt physical parameters. Incidence of eyeball rotation (5% vs. 1%) and righting behaviour (7% vs. 1%) were higher (P < 0.001) for NPCB (210–220 psi) at GR than PCB. The NPCB with 210–220 psi had a higher frequency of response to nostril stimulation (2% vs. 0%; P < 0.001) than PCB. Rhythmic respiration was more frequently found for NPCB with 210–220 psi at GR, HO and BL. Therefore, PCB with 190 psi was more effective in ensuring unconsciousness in cattle
Verificação de espécies nocivas em amostras de sementes de azevém nos anos de 2001, 2008 e 2012.
Efeito de diferentes perÃodos de alagamento sobre a germinação de sementes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).
Presença de espécies nocivas proibidas em amostras de sementes de arroz irrigado nos anos de 2001, 2008 e 2012.
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