Doubly Heavy Baryon Production at A High Luminosity e+e−e^+ e^- Collider

Within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD, we make a detailed discussion on the doubly heavy baryon production through the $e^+ e^-$ annihilation channel, $e^{+}e^{-}\rightarrow\gamma/Z^0 \rightarrow \Xi_{QQ^{\prime}} +\bar{Q} +\bar{Q^{\prime}}$, at a high luminosity $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. Here $Q^{(\prime)}$ stands for the heavy $b$ or $c$ quark. In addition to the channel through the usually considered diquark state $(QQ^{\prime})[^3S_1]_{\bf\bar{3}}$, contributions from the channels through other same important diquark states such as $(QQ^{\prime})[^1S_0]_{\bf 6}$ have also been discussed. Uncertainties for the total cross sections are predicted by taking $m_c=1.80\pm0.30$ GeV and $m_b=5.10\pm0.40$ GeV. At a super $Z$-factory running around the $Z^0$ mass and with a high luminosity up to ${\cal L} \propto 10^{34}\sim 10^{36}{\rm cm}^{-2} {\rm s}^{-1}$, we estimate that about $1.1\times10^{5 \sim 7}$ $\Xi_{cc}$ events, $2.6\times10^{5 \sim 7}$ $\Xi_{bc}$ events and $1.2\times 10^{4 \sim 6}$ $\Xi_{bb}$ events can be generated in one operation year. Such a $Z$-factory, thus, will provide a good platform for studying the doubly heavy baryons in comparable to the CERN large hadronic collider.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures. To be published in Phys.Rev.

Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening Program in Shanghai, China: An Inter-Regional and International Comparison

Objective: By comparing the Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening (UNHS) program as implemented in Shanghai and other regions in China and countries around the world, this study makes an assessment of the Shanghai model and summarizes the experiences implementing the UNHS program, so as to provide a valuable reference for other countries or regions to carry out UNHS more effectively. Since Shanghai is one of the most developed regions in China, we also examined the relationship between economic development and the UNHS starting year and coverage rate. Methods: The study conducted a systematic review of published studies in Chinese and English on the program status of neonatal hearing screening to compare and analyze the implementation of the UNHS program in 20 cities or provinces in China and 24 regions or countries around the world. The literature search in Chinese was conducted in the three most authoritative publication databases, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), WANFANGDATA, and CQVIP (http://www.cqvip.com/). We searched all publications in those databases with the keywords “neonatal hearing screening” (in Chinese) between 2005 and 2014. English literature was searched using the same keywords (in English). The publication database included Medline and Web of Science, and the search time period was 2000–2014. Results: Shanghai was one of the first regions in China to implement UNHS, and its coverage rate was among the top regions by international comparison. The starting time of the UNHS program had no relationship with the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in the same year. Economic level serves as a threshold for carrying out UNHS but is not a linear contributor to the exact starting time of such a program. The screening coverage rate generally showed a rising trend with the increasing GDP per capita in China, but it had no relationship with the area\u27s GDP per capita in selected regions and countries around the world. The system design of UNHS is the key factor influencing screening coverage. Policy makers, program administrators, and cost-sharing structures are important factors that influence the coverage rates of UNHS. Conclusion: When to carry out a UNHS program is determined by the willingness and preference of the local government, which is influenced by the area\u27s social, political and cultural conditions. Mandatory hearing screening and minimal-cost to no-cost intervention are two pillars for a good coverage rate of UNHS. In terms of system design, decision-making, implementation, funding and the concrete implementation plan are all important factors affecting the implementation of the UNHS

Status and Factors Associated with Healthcare Choices Among Older Adults and Children in an Urbanized County: A Cross-Sectional Study in Kunshan, China

As important unit for regional health planning, urbanized counties are facing challenges because of internal migrants and aging. This study took urbanized counties in China as cases and two key populations as objects to understand different populations’ intentions of choosing corresponding health service resources and to provide support for resource allocation. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kunshan, a highly urbanized county in China, in 2016, among older adults aged 60 or over and children aged 0–6. Multinomial logistics models were used to identify the factors associated with healthcare choices. In this study, we found that income, distance of the tertiary provider, and migrant status were not associated with choices of tertiary healthcare outside county for children, while parents’ education level was. The responsiveness of the tertiary provider inside the county was lower than primary and secondary providers inside the county, while respondents were dissatisfied with the medical technology and medical facility for the tertiary inside the county compared to those of the tertiary provider outside the county. Significant differences existed in terms of the perception of different categories of institutions. To conclude, local governments should particularly seek to strengthen pediatric primary health services and improve the responsiveness of healthcare facilities to treat geriatric and pediatric diseases, which also bring significance to the developing countries in the process of urbanization

Surgical Incision Induces Anxiety-Like Behavior and Amygdala Sensitization: Effects of Morphine and Gabapentin

The role of affective dimension in the postoperative pain is still poorly understood. The present study investigated the development of anxiety-like behavior and amygdala sensitization in incisional pain. Using hind-paw incision model in rats, we showed that surgical incision induced the anxiety-like behavior as determined by elevated plus-maze and open-field tests. Intraperitoneal (IP) morphine administration reversed mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner. Gabapentin also partially reduced incision-evoked mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behavior in a dose-dependent manner. After incision, the expression of phosphorylated cAMP response elements (CRE-) binding protein (p-CREB) was transiently upregulated in the central and basolateral nuclei in the bilateral amygdala. The upregulation of p-CREB was inhibited by morphine and gabapentin. The present study suggested that surgical incision could induce anxiety and amygdala sensitization that can be inhibited by morphine and gabapentin. Thus treatment of surgery-induced affective disturbances by morphine and gabapentin may be a potential important adjunct therapy in the postoperative pain management

Quality of Life of Adults with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Mainland China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life of patients with chronic spinal cord injury in mainland China. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: A total of 247 adults ≥ 1 year post-SCI in mainland China. Methods: The World Health Organization (WHO) Quality of Life Scale Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) and the add-on modules on disability-related QoL (WHOQOL-DIS) were used to assess quality of life. Anxiety/depression was measured using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety/Depression Scale. Quality of life was compared with that of reference populations from China, Korea, the international field trial (23 countries). Multivariate linear regression was conducted to determine the factors that might be associated with quality of life. Results: The means of the 4 domains of the WHOQOLBREF varied from 11.5 to 13.0. The mean of the 12- item WHOQOL-DIS module was 38.7. The quality of life of the participants as measured by the WHOQOLBREF was 1.1--4.7 points lower than that of the global reference population, while quality of life as measured by the WHOQOL-DIS module was 1.2 points lower than that of the Korean data. Anxiety and depression were negative factors associated with quality of life (p \u3c 0.05). Better community integration was a positive factor for physical quality of life and quality of life as measured by the WHOQOL-DIS module (p \u3c0.01). Conclusion: The quality of life of adults with chronic spinal cord injury in mainland China was lower compared with reference populations. Duration of spinal cord injury, sex, community integration, anxiety, and depression were related to quality of life

Z0Z_0 Boson Decays to Bc(∗)B^{(*)}_c Meson and Its Uncertainties

The programming new $e^{+}e^-$ collider with high luminosity shall provide another useful platform to study the properties of the doubly heavy $B_c$ meson in addition to the hadronic colliders as LHC and TEVATRON. Under the `New Trace Amplitude Approach', we calculate the production of the spin-singlet $B_c$ and the spin-triplet $B^*_c$ mesons through the $Z^0$ boson decays, where uncertainties for the production are also discussed. Our results show $\Gamma_{(^1S_0)}= 81.4^{+102.1}_{-40.5}$ KeV and $\Gamma_{(^3S_1)}=116.4^{+163.9}_{-62.8}$ KeV, where the errors are caused by varying $m_b$ and $m_c$ within their reasonable regions.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. To be published in Eur.Phys.J.

The meson BcB_c annihilation to leptons and inclusive light hadrons

The annihilation of the $B_c$ meson to leptons and inclusive light hadrons is analyzed in the framework of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization. We find that the decay mode, which escapes from the helicity suppression, contributes a sizable fraction width. According to the analysis, the branching ratio due to the contribution from the color-singlet component of the meson $B_c$ can be of order (10^{-2}). We also estimate the contributions from the color-octet components. With the velocity scaling rule of NRQCD, we find that the color-octet contributions are sizable too, especially, in certain phase space of the annihilation they are greater than (or comparative to) the color-singlet component. A few observables relevant to the spectrum of charged lepton are suggested, that may be used as measurements on the color-octet and color-singlet components in the future $B_c$ experiments. A typical long distance contribution in the annihilation is estimated too.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures (6 eps-files), submitted to Phys. Rev.

Effects of a Rehabilitation Program for Individuals with Chronic Spinal Cord Injury in Shanghai, China

Background: Specialized Institution-Based Rehabilitation (SIBR) is the cornerstone of care and treatment for individuals with spinal cord injury, but most people with chronic spinal cord injury (CSCI) living in China have no SIBR experience after acute care hospital discharge. In 2009, an SIBR facility was set up in Shanghai (China) to fill this important gap in care. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrated rehabilitation training program among individuals with CSCI living in Shanghai. Methods: A within-subject pre-posttest design was used to evaluate the SIBR. The sample included 455 individuals ≥1 year post-SCI, who were older than 18 years of age and were enrolled in a rehabilitation center in Shanghai, China, between 2013 and 2019. The data included individuals’ sociodemographic and injury characteristics, and twenty-three indicators were used as outcome measurements to evaluate basic life skills and their applications in family and social life. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to determine which factors might have influenced the effectiveness of the SIBR. Results: All basic life skills and their applications in family and social life were improved, but with variations across socio-demographics. Female individuals with CSCI had better outcomes in basic life skills than did males. In terms of basic life skills and their applications in family and social life, individuals with a low level (thoracic or lumbosacral) of injury achieved more significant functional gains than those with a higher level (cervical). The baseline score was also a relevant factor in functional outcome. Conclusions: Even for individuals with a long SCI history, SIBR training can improve basic life skills and the applications of those skills in family and social life settings