CONTRATTAZIONE COLLETTIVA E DIRITTO DELLA CONCORRENZA ( il contributo della giurisprudenza comunitaria al delinearsi progressivo di un sistema di relazioni tra due famiglie in conflitto)

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TECHNIQUES AND INSTRUMENTS OF REGULATION OF SOCIAL POLICY: EVOLUTION AND PERSPESCTIVES

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Efficient Non-Corrosive Electron-Transfer Mediator mixtures for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells.

The electrochemical and photoelectrochemical study of noncorrosive electron-transfer mediator mixtures for DSC is reported. These mixtures, characterized by the presence of kinetically fast organic or metal−organic redox couples in conjunction with a Co(II)/(III) relay, exhibited maximum photon-to-current conversion efficiencies (IPCE %) exceeding 80% when employed in the presence of a suitably designed MLCT sensitizer, rivaling with the performances of the classical I-/I3- electrolyte

Tuning of Ruthenium Complex Properties using Pyrrole and Pyrrolidine-containing Polypyridine Ligands.

The effect of pyrrole- and pyrrolidine-containing ligands (L) on the properties of heteroleptic [RuL(2)dcbpy](2+) complexes has been investigated. TiO2 electrodes modified with the new complexes exhibited extended absorption domains and high absorbances. Providing that a cobalt-based mediator was used for regeneration of the Ru-II state, good incident photon-to-current efficiency (near 80%) values were obtained in the pyrrole series

Water Loss Predictive Tests in Flooded Lead-Acid Batteries

Different aging processes rates of flooded lead-acid batteries (FLAB) depend strongly on the operational condition, yet the difficult to predict presence of certain additives or contaminants could prompt or anticipate the aging. Linear sweep current (LSC) and gas test (GT) characterizations were reported here to fasten the water consumption evaluation. The two methods were proposed to evaluate the water consumption effect at 60 degrees C, on a custom cell with a (1+ 2-) plate configuration. The predictive ability of the proposed tests was verified on 9 batches of plates for FLAB preliminary tested with the European standard CEI EN 50342-1 : 2019-11 method. LSC and GT tests showed the capability to identify plate batches with anomalous behaviour for the water consumption and good agreement with the European standard CEI EN 50342-1 : 2019-11 method. Furthermore, it was found that Tafel parameters determined from LSC and GT tests correlated well with the concentration of Te

Natural dye sensitizers for photoelectrochemical cells

In nature, fruit, vegetable, leaves, flowers and algae contain several dyes which can be easily extracted and employed in dye sensitized photoelectrochemical cells. In this contribution, the most significant advances made in the search for efficient and convenient natural sensitizers are reported through meaningful examples and case studies. To date, selected chlorophyll derivatives, raw anthocyanine and betalain extracts are the most successful natural sensitizers, resulting in the generation of monochromatic photon to current conversion yields exceeding 60%. Maximum overall conversion efficiencies above 2% under simulated sunlight have been achieved, which is comparable to that of natural photosynthesis. Finding appropriate additives for improving VOC without causing dye degradation might result in a further enhancement of cell performance, making the practical application of such systems more suitable to economically viable solar energy devices for our society

Homoleptic ruthenium complex bearing dyssimetrical 4-carboxy-4’pyrrolo-2,2’bipyridine for efficient sensitization in of TiO2 in solar cells

An easily accessible homoleptic complex [Ru(L3)3]2+ containing a dissymmetrical bipyridine (L3) substituted by a pyrrole and a carboxylic group has been evaluated in a dye-sensitized solar cell. The new dye displayed extended absorption domain, high absorbance, and a promising 65% IPCE value. Higher scores were reached using a cobalt-iron mediator instead of the usual LiI/I2 couple for regeneration of the RuII state. Transient absorption spectroscopy was used to explain the mediator effect